Utpaladeva

Utpaladeva (c. 900–950 CE) was a philosopher and theologian from Kashmir. He belonged to the Trika Shaiva tradition and is a thinker of the Pratyabhijñā school of monistic idealism.^[1] His Īśvarapratyabhijñā-Kārikā (IPK, Verses on the Recognition of the Lord) were the important and central work of the Pratyabhijñā school.^[1] Utpaladeva was a major influence on the exegete Abhinavagupta, whose works later overshadowed those of Utpaladeva.^[1] However, according to the Indologist Raffaele Torella "most of Abhinavagupta’s ideas are just the development of what Utpaladeva had already expounded."^[2]