Uyghur Khaganate

Uyghur Khaganate
𐱃𐰆𐰴𐰕:𐰆𐰍𐰕:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣
*Toquz Oγuz budun*
Uyghur Khaganate 𐱃𐰆𐰴𐰕:𐰆𐰍𐰕:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣; Toquz Oγuz budun
744–840
	Tamga of the Yaglakar clan
	SIND 800 UYGHUR KHAGANATE GURJARA-; PRATIHARAS RASHTRA-; KUTAS PALA; EMPIRE CHAM-; PA NAN-; ZHAO TURK; SHAHIS TANG; DYNASTY SILLA Khitans Jurchens Tungus KARLUK; YABGHU Tatars CHENLA DVARA-; VATI SRIVIJAYA Kyrgyzs Paleo-Siberians Samoyeds Kimeks Tanguts Shatuos ABBASID CALIPHATE KHAZAR; KHAGANATE BYZANTINE; EMPIRE OGHUZ-; YABGUS TIBETAN; EMPIRE Territory of the Uyghur Khaganate (745–850), and main contemporary polities in continental Asia
Status	Khaganate (Nomadic empire)
Capital	Ötüken; Ordu-Baliq (later);
Common languages	Old Uyghur; Middle Chinese;
Religion	Manichaeism (official); Tengrism; Buddhism; Nestorian Christianity;
Government	Monarchy
Khagan
• 744–747	Qutlugh Bilge Köl (first)
• 841–847	Enian Qaghan (last)
History
• Established	744
• Disestablished	840
Area
800	3,100,000 km2 (1,200,000 sq mi)
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Second Turkic Khaganate
Kara-Khanid Khanate
Gansu Uyghur Kingdom
Kingdom of Qocho
Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate

The Uyghur Khaganate (also Uyghur Empire or Uighur Khaganate, self defined as Toquz-Oghuz country;^[5]^[6]^[7] Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰴𐰕:𐰆𐰍𐰕:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: Toquz Oγuz budun, lit. 'Nine clan people', Tang-era names, with modern Hanyu Pinyin: Chinese: 回鶻; pinyin: Huíhú or Chinese: 回紇; pinyin: Huíhé) was a Turkic empire^[8] that existed for about a century between the mid 8th and 9th centuries. It was a tribal confederation under the Orkhon Uyghur (回鶻) nobility, referred to by the Chinese as the Jiu Xing ("Nine Clans"), a calque of the name Toquz Oghuz or Toquz Tughluq.^[9]

^ Bosworth, C.E. (1 January 1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4. UNESCO. p. 428. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.
^ "Data" (PDF). www.tekedergisi.com. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
^ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
^ Taagepera, Rein (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 475–504. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793.
^ E.J. Brill (1962). Four studies on the history of Central Asia. p. 88.
^ Levi, Scott C. (2009). Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources. p. 29.
^ V. V. Barthold (1956). Four Studies on Central Asia. p. 88.
^ Benson 1998, p. 16–19.
^ Bughra 1983, p. 50–51.

[1] Bosworth, C.E. (1 January 1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4. UNESCO. p. 428. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.

[2] "Data" (PDF). www.tekedergisi.com. Retrieved 2020-01-19.

[Turchin222-3] Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Retrieved 16 September 2016.

[Taagepera493-4] Taagepera, Rein (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 475–504. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793.

[5] E.J. Brill (1962). Four studies on the history of Central Asia. p. 88.

[6] Levi, Scott C. (2009). Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources. p. 29.

[7] V. V. Barthold (1956). Four Studies on Central Asia. p. 88.

[FOOTNOTEBenson199816–19-8] Benson 1998, p. 16–19.

[FOOTNOTEBughra198350–51-9] Bughra 1983, p. 50–51.

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