Victoria, Princess Royal

Victoria
Princess Royal
Photograph by T. H. Voigt, 1895–1896
German Empress consort Queen consort of Prussia
Tenure	9 March – 15 June 1888
Born	(1840-11-21)21 November 1840 Buckingham Palace, London, England
Died	5 August 1901(1901-08-05) (aged 60) Schloss Friedrichshof, Cronberg, Prussia, German Empire
Burial	13 August 1901 Friedenskirche, Potsdam, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Spouse	Frederick III, German Emperor ​ ​ (m. 1858; died 1888)​
Issue	Wilhelm II, German Emperor Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen Prince Henry Prince Sigismund Viktoria, Princess Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe Prince Waldemar Sophia, Queen of the Hellenes Margaret, Landgravine of Hesse
Names Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa
House	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Father	Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Mother	Queen Victoria
Signature

Victoria, Princess Royal (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa;^[1] 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was German Empress and Queen of Prussia as the wife of Frederick III, German Emperor. She was the eldest child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and was created Princess Royal in 1841. As the eldest child of the British monarch, she was briefly heir presumptive until the birth of her younger brother, the future Edward VII. She was the mother of Wilhelm II, the last German Emperor.

Educated by her father in a politically liberal environment, Victoria was married at the age of 17 to Prince Frederick of Prussia, with whom she went on to have eight children. Victoria shared with Frederick her liberal views and hopes that Prussia and the later German Empire should become a constitutional monarchy, based on the British model. Criticised for this attitude and for her English origins, Victoria suffered ostracism by the Hohenzollerns and the Berlin court. This isolation increased after the rise to power of Otto von Bismarck, one of her most staunch political opponents, in 1862.

Victoria was empress for only a few months, during which she had opportunity to influence the policy of the German Empire. Frederick III died in 1888 – 99 days after his accession – from laryngeal cancer and was succeeded by their son Wilhelm II, who had much more conservative views than his parents. After her husband's death, she became widely known as Empress Frederick (German: Kaiserin Friedrich). The empress dowager then settled in Kronberg im Taunus, where she built Friedrichshof, a castle, named in honour of her late husband. Increasingly isolated after the weddings of her younger daughters, she died of breast cancer in August 1901, less than 7 months after the death of her mother, Queen Victoria, in January 1901.

The correspondence between Victoria and her parents has been preserved almost completely: 3,777 letters from Queen Victoria to her eldest daughter and about 4,000 letters from the empress to her mother are preserved and catalogued.^[2] These give a detailed insight into life at the Prussian court between 1858 and 1900.