Visna-maedi virus

Visna-maedi virus (also known as Visna virus, Maedi-visna virus and Ovine lentivirus^[1]) from the genus Lentivirus and subfamily Orthoretrovirinae, is a retrovirus that causes encephalitis and chronic pneumonitis in sheep.^[2]^[3]^[4] It is known as visna when found in the brain, and maedi when infecting the lungs. Lifelong, persistent infections in sheep occur in the lungs, lymph nodes, spleen, joints, central nervous system, and mammary glands;^[2]^[5] The condition is sometimes known as ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP), particularly in the United States,^[1] or Montana sheep disease.^[6] White blood cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are the main target of the virus.^[7]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference pmid16425963 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Ryan S, Tiley L, McConnell I, Blacklaws B (November 2000). "Infection of Dendritic Cells by the Maedi-Visna Lentivirus". J. Virol. 74 (21): 10096–103. doi:10.1128/JVI.74.21.10096-10103.2000. PMC 102048. PMID 11024138.
^ Wu C, Barbezange C, McConnell I, Blacklaws BA (October 2008). "Mapping and characterization of visna/maedi virus cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes". J. Gen. Virol. 89 (Pt 10): 2586–96. doi:10.1099/vir.0.2008/002634-0. PMID 18796728.
^ Benavides J, García-Pariente C, Fuertes M, et al. (January 2009). "Maedi-visna: the meningoencephalitis in naturally occurring cases". J. Comp. Pathol. 140 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.07.010. PMID 18922546.
^ Davis JL, Molineaux S, Clements JE (May 1987). "Visna virus exhibits a complex transcriptional pattern: one aspect of gene expression shared with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus". J. Virol. 61 (5): 1325–31. doi:10.1128/JVI.61.5.1325-1331.1987. PMC 254106. PMID 3033262.
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^ Cite error: The named reference pmid17127400 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).