Back Восход (ракета) Bulgarian Voschod (nosná raketa) Czech Woschod (Rakete) German Vosjod (cohete) Spanish Voskhod (fusée) French Voskhod (foguete) Galician ווסחוד (משגר) HE Voszhod hordozórakéta Hungarian Voskhod (roket) ID Voschod (lanciatore) Italian
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&sq=Sri Lanka&lang=en&file=File:Voskhod_Rocket.png) Voskhod rocket | |
| Function | Crew-rated LEO carrier rocket |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | OKB-1 |
| Country of origin | Soviet Union |
| Size | |
| Height | 30.84 m (101.2 ft) |
| Diameter | 2.99 m (9.8 ft) |
| Mass | 298,400 kg (657,900 lb) |
| Stages | 2 |
| Capacity | |
| Payload to LEO | |
| Mass | 5,900 kg (13,000 lb) |
| Associated rockets | |
| Family | R-7 |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Retired |
| Launch sites | Baikonur Site 1 and Site 31 Plesetsk, Site 41 |
| Total launches | 300 |
| Success(es) | 287 |
| Failure(s) | 13 |
| First flight | 16 November 1963 |
| Last flight | 29 June 1976 |
| Type of passengers/cargo | Voskhod spacecraft Zenit (satellite) |
| Boosters | |
| No. boosters | 4 |
| Powered by | 1 RD-107 |
| Maximum thrust | 995.4 kN (223,800 lbf) |
| Total thrust | 3,981.6 kN (895,100 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 257 seconds (2.52 km/s) |
| Burn time | 119 seconds |
| Propellant | RP-1 / LOX |
| First stage | |
| Powered by | 1 RD-108 |
| Maximum thrust | 941 kN (212,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 248 seconds (2.43 km/s) |
| Burn time | 301 seconds |
| Propellant | RP-1 / LOX |
| Second stage | |
| Powered by | 1 RD-0107 |
| Maximum thrust | 294 kN (66,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 330 seconds (3.2 km/s) |
| Burn time | 240 seconds |
| Propellant | RP-1 / LOX |
The Voskhod rocket (Russian: Восход, "ascent", "dawn") was a derivative of the Soviet R-7 ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme but later used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites.[1][2] It was essentially an 8K78/8K78M minus the Blok L stage and spec-wise was a halfway between the two boosters, with the former's older, lower-spec engines and the latter's improved Blok I design. Its first flight was on 16 November 1963 when it successfully launched a Zenit satellite from LC-1/5 at Baikonur. Boosters used in the Voskhod program had a man-rated version of the RD-0107 engine; this version was known as the RD-0108.[3]
Starting in 1966, the 11A57 adopted the standardized 11A511 core with the more powerful 8D74M first stage engines, however the Blok I stage continued using the RD-0107 engine rather than the RD-0110. Around 300 were flown from Baikonur and Plesetsk through 1976, almost all of them used to launch Zenit reconnaissance satellites (one exception was the Intercosmos 6 satellite in 1973).
The newer 11A511U core had been introduced in 1973, but the existing stock of 11A57s took another three years to use up.
The rocket had a streak of 86 consecutive successful launches between 11 September 1967 and 9 July 1970.
- ^ Barensky, C. Lardier, Stefan (2013). The Soyuz launch vehicle the two lives of an engineering triumph. New York: Springer. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-4614-5459-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Hall, Rex; Shayler, David J. (2001). The rocket men: Vostok & Voskhod, the first Soviet manned spaceflights. London [u.a.]: Springer [u.a.] p. 226. ISBN 978-1-85233-391-1.
- ^ Kruse, Richard. "Historic Spacecraft - Soviet and Russian Rockets". HistoricSpacecraft.com. Historic Spacecraft. Retrieved 19 July 2014.