Wang Xizhi

Wang Xizhi
王羲之
Depicted in Portraits of Famous Men, 19th – early 20th century
Born	c. 303 Linyi, Langya, Eastern Jin
Died	c. 361 (aged 58) Jinting, Kuaiji, Eastern Jin
Known for	Chinese calligraphy
Notable work	Lantingji xu
Family	Wang clan of Langya
Chinese name
Chinese	王羲之
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Wáng Xīzhī Wade–Giles Wang2 Hsi1-chih1 IPA [wǎŋ ɕí.ʈʂɻ̩́] Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Wòhng Hēijī Jyutping Wong4 Hei1-zi1 IPA [wɔŋ˩ hej˥.tsi˥] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Ông Hi-chi Tâi-lô Ông Hi-tsi

Wang Xizhi (Chinese: 王羲之; courtesy name: Yishao (逸少); c. 303 – c. 361) was a Chinese calligrapher, politician and general from the Jin dynasty (266–420) known for his mastery of Chinese calligraphy. He is often regarded as the greatest calligrapher in Chinese history. His most famous work, composed in 353, is the Lantingji xu (蘭亭集序; "Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion").

Born in Langya Commandery (in present-day Linyi, Shandong), Wang fled to southern China in his childhood after the collapse of the Western Jin dynasty. He studied calligraphy under the tutelage of relatives, including Wei Shuo, and became engaged to Xi Xuan around the year 323. They had eight children, including Wang Xianzhi, who later became a renowned calligrapher in his own right. Between 324 and 354, Wang Xizhi served in various government positions. He received his highest title, "General of the Right Army", in 347, and was appointed administrator of Kuaiji (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In 353, he hosted 41 of his friends, relatives, and pupils at the Orchid Pavilion Gathering on Mount Kuaiji. There, the participants took part in a "winding stream party" and Wang composed the Lantingji xu, a preface to the collection of poems that were written that day. He retired from governmental service in 355, devoted himself to Taoist practices, and died c. 361 in Jinting (present-day Shengzhou, Zhejiang).

Wang is known for his proficiency in multiple Chinese script styles, particularly the regular, semi-cursive, and cursive forms. Apart from the Lantingji xu and his letters to others, he mainly produced copies of existing texts. His works were enthusiastically collected by both emperors and private collectors. In particular, Emperor Taizong of Tang established Wang and his style as the defining standard for Chinese calligraphy by requiring that the imperial court scholars study his techniques and employing calligraphers to make handwritten tracing copies and ink rubbings of his works. There are no known surviving original works by Wang – only rubbings and a small number of tracing copies. Wang's artistic talent continues to be held in high esteem, and he remains an influential figure in East Asian calligraphy.