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War against the Islamic State

This article is about the global war fought against the Islamic State. For the war fought by Iraq against the Islamic State, see War in Iraq (2013–2017). For the Islamic State’s military involvement in Syria, see Syrian civil war. For Egypt, see Sinai insurgency.

War against the Islamic State
Part of the war on terror, Second Libyan Civil War, War in Iraq (2013–2017), Syrian civil war and spillover of the Syrian civil war, Sinai insurgency, Boko Haram insurgency, insurgency in the North Caucasus, Moro conflict, Insurgency in Cabo Delgado, Qandala campaign and the Sahel War
From top to bottom, left to right:

Map of the current military situation in Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon
Map of the current military situation in Libya
Map of the current military situation in Nigeria
Map of the current military situation in Sinai
Map of the current military situation in Yemen
Date13 June 2014 – present
(10 years, 4 months and 4 weeks)
Location
Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Libya, Nigeria, Afghanistan, the North Caucasus, and Southeast Asia
Status
Ongoing; ISIL militarily defeated in Iraq, Syria and Libya
    • Airstrikes on ISIL positions in Iraq, Syria, Libya, Nigeria and Afghanistan
    • Multinational humanitarian efforts
    • Arming and supporting local ground forces
    • Millions of civilians in Iraq and Syria flee their homes, sparking a refugee crisis
    • Terrorist attacks in Paris (Jan 2015 and Nov 2015), Brussels (Mar 2016) and many other places
    • Thousands of civilians executed by ISIL forces in Iraq and Syria
    • ISIL controlled around 40% of Iraq at its peak in mid-2014[6]
    • ISIL controlled around 50% of Syria by late May 2015[7][8]
    • Emergence of independently-governed Kurdish regions
    • ISIL military defeated and lost all of its territory in Libya in December 2017[9][10]
    • Boko Haram loses territory, but its insurgency continues[11]
    • ISIL controlled 5.67% of Syria's land by November 2017[12] and around 3% of Iraq by October 2017[13]
    • ISIL loses all territory in Iraq and most territory in Syria in December 2017[14]
    • ISIL loses all remaining territory in Syria in March 2019[15]
Belligerents
In multiple regions:
In Iraq
In Syria
In The Levant
In Libya
In Afghanistan
In West Africa
Commanders and leaders

Joe Biden (from 2021)
Lloyd Austin (from 2021)
United Kingdom Keir Starmer (from 2024)
United Kingdom John Healey (from 2024)
France Emmanuel Macron (from 2017)
France Sébastien Lecornu (from 2022)
Anthony Albanese (from 2022)
Greg Moriarty (from 2017)
Alexander De Croo (from 2020)
Ludivine Dedonder (from 2020)
Bahrain Hamad Al Khalifa
Mette Frederiksen (from 2019)
Troels Lund Poulsen (from 2023)
Justin Trudeau (from 2015)
Bill Blair (from 2023)
Olaf Scholz (from 2021)
Boris Pistorius (from 2023)
Giorgia Meloni (from 2022)
Guido Crosetto (from 2022)

Allies

Syria Bashar al-Assad

Allies

Iraq Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani (from 2022)
Nechirvan Barzani (from 2019)

Libya Khalifa Haftar (from 2014)
Libya Saddam Haftar (from 2016)

Iran Qasem Soleimani
Iran Ali Khamenei

Allies

Lebanon Michel Aoun

Pakistan Shehbaz Sharif (from 2022)
Afghanistan Hibatullah Akhundzada (from 2016)

Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

Nigeria Bola Tinubu (from 2023)
Chad Mahamat Déby (from 2021)
Cameroon Paul Biya
Niger Abdourahamane Tchiani (from 2023)

Allies

Algeria Abdelmadjid Tebboune (from 2019)

Former leaders

Donald Trump (2017–2021)
Barack Obama (until 2017)
Chuck Hagel (until 2015)
Ash Carter (2015–2017)
Jim Mattis (2017–2019)
Mark Esper (2019–2020)
Liz Truss (2022)
Boris Johnson (2019–2022)
Theresa May (2016–2019)
David Cameron (until 2016)
Philip Hammond (2014)
Michael Fallon (2014–2017)
Gavin Williamson (2017–2019)
Penny Mordaunt (2019)
Robert Ben Lobban Wallace (2019–2023)
Rishi Sunak (2022–2024)
Grant Shapps (2023–2025)
France François Hollande (until 2017)
France Jean-Yves Le Drian (2014–2017)
France Florence Parly (2017–2022)
Scott Morrison (2018–2022)
Malcolm Turnbull (2015–2018)
Tony Abbott (until 2015)
Dennis Richardson (2015–2017)
Sophie Wilmès (2019–2020)
Charles Michel (2014–2019)
Elio Di Rupo (until 2014)
Pieter De Crem (2014)
Steven Vandeput (2014–2018)
Didier Reynders (2018–2019)
Philippe Goffin (2019–2020)
Stephen Harper (until 2015)
Robert Nicholson (2014–2015)
Jason Kenney (2015)
Anita Anand (2021–2023)
Lars Løkke Rasmussen (2015–2019)
Helle Thorning-Schmidt (until 2015)
Nicolai Wammen (2014–2015)
Carl Holst (2015)
Peter Christensen (2015–2016)
Claus Hjort Frederiksen (2015–2019)
Trine Bramsen (2019–2022)
Morten Bødskov (2022)
Jakob Ellemann-Jensen (2022–2023)
Angela Merkel (until 2021)
Ursula von der Leyen (2014–2019)
Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer (2019–2021)
Christine Lambrecht (2021–2023)
Mario Draghi (2021–2022)
Giuseppe Conte (2018–2021)
Paolo Gentiloni (2016–2018)
Matteo Renzi (until 2016)
Roberta Pinotti (2014–2018)
Elisabetta Trenta (2018–2019)
Lorenzo Guerini (2019–2022)
Netherlands Mark Rutte (2014-2024)
Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert (2014–2017)
Ank Bijleveld (2017–2021)
Henk Kamp (2021–2022)
Kajsa Ollongren (2022-2024)
Norway Erna Solberg (until 2021)
Norway Ine Eriksen Søreide (2014–2017)
Norway Frank Bakke-Jensen (2017–2022)
Norway Odd Roger Enoksen (2021–2022)
Saudi Arabia King Abdullah  # (until 2015)
İsmet Yılmaz (2015–2016)
Vecdi Gönül (2015)
Fikri Işık (2016–2017)
Nurettin Canikli (2017–2018)
Hulusi Akar (2018–2023)

Russia Dmitri Medvedev
Russia Sergei Shoigu

Iraq Mustafa Al-Kadhimi (2020–2022)
Iraq Adil Abdul-Mahdi (2018–2020)
Iraq Haider al-Abadi (2014–2018)
Iraq Nouri al-Maliki (until 2014)
Masoud Barzani (until 2017)

Pakistan Imran Khan (2018–2022)
Pakistan Shahid Khaqan Abbasi (2017–2018)
Pakistan Nawaz Sharif (until 2017)
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ashraf Ghani (2015–2021)
Taliban Akhtar Mansour † (2015–2016)

Nigeria Goodluck Jonathan (until 2015)
Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari (until 2023)
Chad Idriss Déby † (until 2021)
Niger Mohamed Bazoum (2021–2023)
Niger Mahamadou Issoufou (until 2021)
Burundi Pierre Nkurunziza † (until 2020)

Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika (until 2019)

Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (leader)

Former Leaders
Strength
United States:
  • 4,100 troops (in Iraq)[27]
  • 2,500 troops (in Kuwait)[28]
  • 7,000 contractors[29][30]
  • 500 soldiers to retrain the Iraqi army[31]
Australia:
  • 400 RAAF personnel[32]
  • 200 special forces troops
  • 300+ regular soldiers (combined with 100+ New Zealand soldiers)[33]
Canada:
Germany:
Italy:
  • 130 search and rescue team
  • 1,200 troops[36][37]
Russia:
  • 4,000 personnel[38]
Iran:
Nigeria:
  • Army: 130,000 active frontline troops. 32,000 active reserve troops.
  • Police Force: 371,000 officers
Cameroon:
  • 20,000 soldiers
African Union:
  • 8,700 soldiers
Syrian Salvation Government:
  • 50,000+ soldiers[41][42]
  • Islamic Front (2013-2015); 26,000-30,000 soldiers[43][44]
ISIL:
  • 200,000 in Iraq and Syria (claim by Iraqi Kurdistan Chief of Staff)[45]
  • 28,600–31,600 in Iraq and Syria (Defense Department estimate)[46]
  • 35,000–100,000 (State Department estimate)[47]
  • 1,500+ in Egypt
  • 6,500–10,000 in Libya[48][49]
  • 7,000–10,000 in Nigeria[50]
  • 1,000–3,000 in Afghanistan[51][52]
  • At least 400 in the Philippines and Malaysia
  • Up to 600 tanks[53][54]
Casualties and losses
Iraq Iraq
    • 16,000+ killed and 13,000+ wounded[55][56]
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria Rojava
    • 11,000+ fighters killed[57]
Syria Syria
    • 8,000+ soldiers killed[58]
Syrian opposition Syrian Opposition
Kurdistan Region Kurdistan Region:
    • 1,500+ fighters killed[61]
    • 6,000+ fighters wounded[62]
    • 52 fighters missing[63]
Egypt Egypt
    • 700+ security forces killed[64]
Chad Chad
Turkey Turkey
Nigeria Nigeria
Iran Iran:
Russia Russia:
Niger Niger
    • 9 servicemen killed[84]
United States United States
Cameroon Cameroon
    • 6 servicemen killed[65]
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
    • 3 border guards killed[90]
Canada Canada
    • 1 serviceman killed[91]
France France
    • 2 servicemen killed
United Kingdom United Kingdom
    • 3 servicemen killed
Jordan Jordan
    • 1 serviceman killed[92]
Islamic State Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:
    • 80,000+ killed[93] overall since 2014[94]
    • 1,500–2,500 killed in Libya[95][96]
    • 974 killed in Philippines
    • 300 killed in Afghanistan[97]
    • 1,000+ killed in Egypt[98][99][100]
80,000+ militants killed overall[93]

13,568+ Iraqi civilians killed by Islamic State[61][101][102]
5,939+ Syrian civilians killed by Islamic State[103]

8,317–13,190 civilians killed by Coalition airstrikes in Iraq and Syria (per Airwars)
1,417 civilians killed by Coalition airstrikes in Iraq and Syria (per Coalition)[104]

4,096–6,085 civilians killed by Russian airstrikes in Syria[105]

3,300,000 Iraqi civilians displaced[106]

Many states began to intervene against the Islamic State, in both the Syrian civil war and the War in Iraq (2013–2017), in response to its rapid territorial gains from its 2014 Northern Iraq offensives, universally condemned executions, human rights abuses and the fear of further spillovers of the Syrian Civil War. These efforts are called the war against the Islamic State (ISIS), or the International military intervention against Islamic State (ISIS). In later years, there were also minor interventions by some states against IS-affiliated groups in Nigeria and Libya. All these efforts significantly degraded the Islamic State's capabilities by around 2019–2020. While moderate fighting continues in Syria, as of 2024, ISIS has been contained to a manageably small area and force capability.

In mid-June 2014, Iran, according to American and British information, started flying drones over Iraq, and, according to Reuters, Iranian soldiers were in Iraq fighting IS. Simultaneously, the United States ordered a small number of troops to Iraq and started flying crewed aircraft over Iraq. In July 2014, according to the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Iran sent Sukhoi Su-25 aircraft to Iraq, and Hezbollah purportedly sent trainers and advisers to Iraq in order to help Shia militias to monitor ISIL's movements. In August 2014, the US and Iran separately began a campaign of airstrikes on ISIL targets in Iraq. Since then, fourteen countries in a US-led coalition have also executed airstrikes on ISIL in Iraq and in Syria. Starting from September 2014, United States began closely co-operating with Saudi Arabia and Jordan to wage a co-ordinated aerial bombing campaign against IS targets across Iraq and Syria.[107]

In September 2015, Russian forces launched their military intervention in Syria to support that country's ally Bashar al-Assad in the fight against the Islamic State. Although Moscow officially portrayed its intervention as an anti-IS campaign and publicly declared support for the "patriotic Syrian opposition", the vast majority of its bombings were focused on destroying bases of the Syrian opposition militias of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and Southern Front.[108] On the other hand, United States and its Western allies have been opposed to the Ba'athist regime for its purported state-sponsorship of terrorism, violent repression of Syrian revolution and extensive use of chemical weapons. The US-led coalition trained, equipped and supported secular Free Syrian and Kurdish militias opposed to the Assad government during its anti-IS campaign.[109] In the months following the beginning of both air campaigns, ISIL began to lose ground in both Iraq and Syria.[110] Civilian deaths from airstrikes began to mount in 2015 and 2016.[111][112] In mid-2016, the US and Russia planned to begin coordinating their airstrikes; however, this coordination did not materialize.[113][114]

As of December 2017, ISIL was estimated to control no territory in Iraq, and 5% of Syrian territory, after prolonged actions.[115] On 9 December 2017, Iraq declared victory in the fight against ISIL and stated that the War in Iraq was over.[116][117] On 23 March 2019, ISIL was defeated territorially in Syria after losing the Battle of Baghuz Fawqani, after which the group was forced into an insurgency.[118] ISIL's leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, died during a US special operations raid in northern Syria in October 2019[119] and was succeeded by Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi. The United Nations estimated in August 2020 that over 10,000 ISIL fighters remained in Syria and Iraq, mainly as sleeper cells.[120]

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