Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.
Federal capital city and district
District of Columbia
National Mall U.S. Capitol National Cathedral Washington Metro Stores in Adams Morgan National Air and Space Museum White House
Flag Seal
Nickname(s):  D.C., The District
Motto(s):  Justitia Omnibus (English: Justice for All)
Anthem: "Washington"[1]
Interactive map of Washington, D.C.
Neighborhoods of Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. Show map of the United States Washington, D.C. Show map of North America
Coordinates: 38°54′17″N 77°00′59″W / 38.90472°N 77.01639°W / 38.90472; -77.01639 (District of Columbia)
Country	United States
Residence Act	July 16, 1790
Organized	February 27, 1801
Consolidated	February 21, 1871
Home Rule Act	December 24, 1973
Named for	George Washington Columbia
Government
• Type	Mayor–council
• Mayor	Muriel Bowser (D)
• D.C. Council	List Phil Mendelson (D), Chair Anita Bonds (D), At‑large Christina Henderson (I), At‑large Robert White (D), At‑large Kenyan McDuffie (I), At‑large Brianne Nadeau (D), Ward 1 Brooke Pinto (D), Ward 2 Matthew Frumin (D), Ward 3 Janeese Lewis George (D), Ward 4 Zachary Parker (D), Ward 5 Charles Allen (D), Ward 6 Vincent C. Gray (D), Ward 7 Trayon White (D), Ward 8[2]
• U.S. House	Eleanor Holmes Norton (D), Delegate (At-large)
Area
• Federal capital city and district	68.35 sq mi (177.0 km2)
• Land	61.126 sq mi (158.32 km2)
• Water	7.224 sq mi (18.71 km2)
Highest elevation	409 ft (125 m)
Lowest elevation	0 ft (0 m)
Population  (2020)[3]
• Federal capital city and district	689,545
• Estimate  (2023)[4]	678,972
• Rank	64th in North America 23rd in the United States
• Density	11,280.71/sq mi (4,355.39/km2)
• Urban [5]	5,174,759 (US: 8th)
• Urban density	3,997.5/sq mi (1,543.4/km2)
• Metro [6]	6,304,975 (US: 7th)
Demonym	Washingtonian[7]
GDP [8][9]
• Federal capital city and district	$174.8 billion (2023)
• Metro	$660.6 billion (2022)
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (Eastern Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (Eastern Daylight Time)
ZIP Codes	20001–20098, 20201–20599, 56901–56999
Area code(s)	202 and 771[10][11]
ISO 3166 code	US-DC
Airports	Full list Dulles International Reagan National Baltimore/Washington
Railroads	Full list Washington Metro MARC Train Virginia Railway Express
Website	dc.gov

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with Maryland to its north and east. It was named after George Washington, the first president of the United States. The district is named after Columbia, the female personification of the nation.

The U.S. Constitution in 1789 called for the creation of a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress. As such, Washington, D.C., is not part of any state, and is not one itself. The Residence Act, adopted on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the capital district along the Potomac River. The city was founded in 1791, and the 6th Congress held the first session in the unfinished Capitol Building in 1800 after the capital moved from Philadelphia. In 1801, the District of Columbia, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia and including the existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria, was officially recognized as the federal district; initially, the city was a separate settlement within the larger district. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia, including the city of Alexandria. In 1871, it created a single municipality for the remaining portion of the district. There have been several unsuccessful efforts to make the district into a state since the 1880s; a statehood bill passed the House of Representatives in 2021 but was not adopted by the U.S. Senate. To become law it would have to be passed by the Senate and signed by president; it would have renamed the city Washington, Douglas Commonwealth and shrunk the Federal District to about the size of the national mall.

Designed in 1791 by Pierre Charles L'Enfant, the city is divided into quadrants, which are centered around the Capitol Building and include 131 neighborhoods. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 689,545.^[3] Commuters from the city's Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek.^[12] The Washington metropolitan area, which includes parts of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, is the country's seventh-largest metropolitan area, with a 2023 population of 6.3 million residents.^[6] A locally elected mayor and 13-member council have governed the district since 1973, though Congress retains the power to overturn local laws. Washington, D.C., residents are, on the federal level, politically disenfranchised since the city's residents do not have voting representation in Congress; the city's residents elect a single non-voting congressional delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. The city's voters choose three presidential electors in accordance with the Twenty-third Amendment, passed in 1961.

Washington, D.C. anchors the southern end of the Northeast megalopolis. As the seat of the U.S. federal government, the city is an important world political capital.^[13] The city hosts the buildings that house federal government headquarters, including the White House, the Capitol, the Supreme Court Building, and multiple federal departments and agencies. The city is home to many national monuments and museums, located most prominently on or around the National Mall, including the Jefferson Memorial, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Washington Monument. It hosts 177 foreign embassies and serves as the headquarters for the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization of American States, and other international organizations. Home to many of the nation's largest industry associations, non-profit organizations, and think tanks, D.C. is known as a lobbying hub, with K Street as the industry center.^[14] The city had 20.7 million domestic visitors^[15] and 1.2 million international visitors, ranking seventh among U.S. cities as of 2022.^[16]