Back توجيه إطار النفايات Arabic Richtlinie 2008/98/EG German Jagorancin tsarin sharar gida (WFD) Hausa Директива 2008/98/EC Russian
 | This article needs to be updated. (February 2019) |
| European Union directive | |
 | |
| Title | Waste Framework Directive |
|---|---|
| Made by | European Parliament & Council |
| Made under | Article 175(1) |
| Journal reference | [1] |
| History | |
| Date made | 19 November 2008 |
| Entry into force | 12 December 2008 |
| Other legislation | |
| Replaces | 75/439/EEC, 75/442/EEC, 91/156/EEC, 91/689/EEC and 2006/12/EC |
| Current legislation | |
The Waste Framework Directive (WFD) is a European Union Directive concerned with "measures to protect the environment and human health by preventing or reducing the adverse impacts of the generation and management of waste and by reducing overall impacts of resource use and improving the efficiency of such use".[1] The first Waste Framework Directive dates back to 1975.[2] It had previously been substantially amended in 1991 [3] and 2006.[4] The present directive was adopted on 19 November 2008.[1]
The aim of the WFD was to lay the basis for turning the EU into "a 'recycling society' seeking to avoid waste generation and to use waste as a resource" (Preamble, section 28).
One of the features of the WFD is the European Waste Hierarchy.[5]
- ^ a b Directive 2008/98/EC of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives.
- ^ Directive 75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste. End of validity 16 May 2006, and repealed by 2006/12/EC.
- ^ Directive 91/156/EEC of 18 March 1991 on waste. End of validity 16 May 2006, and repealed by 2006/12/EC.
- ^ Directive 2006/12/EC of 5 April 2006 on waste. End of validity 11 December 2006, and repealed by 2008/98/EC.
- ^ Zhang, Chunbo; Hu, Mingming; Di Maio, Francesco; Sprecher, Benjamin; Yang, Xining; Tukker, Arnold (10 January 2022). "An overview of the waste hierarchy framework for analyzing the circularity in construction and demolition waste management in Europe". Science of the Total Environment. 803: 149892. Bibcode:2022ScTEn.803n9892Z. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149892. hdl:1887/3212790. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 34500281. S2CID 237468721.