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An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum. Common types of optical waveguides include optical fiber waveguides, transparent dielectric waveguides made of plastic and glass, liquid light guides, and liquid waveguides.
Optical waveguides are used as components in integrated optical circuits or as the transmission medium in local and long-haul optical communication systems. They can also be used in optical head-mounted displays in augmented reality.[1]
Optical waveguides can be classified according to their geometry (planar, strip, or fiber waveguides), mode structure (single-mode, multi-mode), refractive index distribution (step or gradient index), and material (glass, polymer, semiconductor).
- ^ Xiong, Jianghao; Hsiang, En-Lin; He, Ziqian; Zhan, Tao; Wu, Shin-Tson (2021-10-25). "Augmented reality and virtual reality displays: emerging technologies and future perspectives". Light: Science & Applications. 10 (1). doi:10.1038/s41377-021-00658-8. ISSN 2047-7538. PMC 8546092. PMID 34697292.