Xanthine

Xanthine^[1]
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name 3,7-Dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
	Other names 1H-Purine-2,6-dione
Identifiers
CAS Number	69-89-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:17712 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1424 ;
ChemSpider	1151 ;
DrugBank	DB02134 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.653
IUPHAR/BPS	4557;
KEGG	C00385 ;
PubChem CID	1188;
UNII	1AVZ07U9S7 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4035120 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C5H4N4O2/c10-4-2-3(7-1-6-2)8-5(11)9-4/h1H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10,11) Key: LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1S/C5H4N4O2/c10-4-2-3(7-1-6-2)8-5(11)9-4/h1H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10,11); InChI=1S/C5H4N4O2/c10-4-2-3(7-1-6-2)8-5(11)9-4/h1H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10,11) Key: LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES c1[nH]c2c(n1)nc(nc2O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C5H4N4O2
Molar mass	152.11 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Melting point	decomposes
Solubility in water	1 g/ 14.5 L @ 16 °C; 1 g/1.4 L @ 100 °C
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 1 0
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Xanthine (/ˈzænθiːn/ or /ˈzænθaɪn/, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós 'yellow' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms.^[2] Several stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.^[3]^[4]

Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation.^[2]

It is created from guanine by guanine deaminase.
It is created from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase.
It is also created from xanthosine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme.^[2]

^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9968.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Xanthine, CID 1188". PubChem, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
^ Spiller, Gene A. (1998). Caffeine. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-2647-8.
^ Katzung, Bertram G. (1995). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. East Norwalk, Connecticut: Paramount Publishing. pp. 310, 311. ISBN 0-8385-0619-4.

[1] Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9968.

[pubchem-2] "Xanthine, CID 1188". PubChem, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.

[isbn0-8493-2647-8-3] Spiller, Gene A. (1998). Caffeine. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-2647-8.

[:0-4] Katzung, Bertram G. (1995). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. East Norwalk, Connecticut: Paramount Publishing. pp. 310, 311. ISBN 0-8385-0619-4.

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