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Yabloko

Not to be confused with the Ukrainian party Yabluko, the Slovak party Jablko, or with Izzy Yablok.
Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko"
Российская объединённая демократическая партия «Яблоко»
LeaderNikolay Rybakov[1]
FoundersGrigory Yavlinsky
Yury Boldyrev
Vladimir Lukin
Founded16 October 1993 (1993-10-16)
HeadquartersMoscow
Ideology
Political positionCentre-left[A][13]
European affiliationAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
International affiliationLiberal International
Colours  Green
  Red
Seats in the Federation Council
0 / 170
Seats in the State Duma
0 / 450
Governors
0 / 85
Seats in the Regional Parliaments
10 / 3,928
Ministers
0 / 31
Website
yabloko.ru
^ A: Yabloko is considered a left-wing party by some sources;[14] Boris Nemtsov also described it as "left-wing".[15] Yabloko has also been characterized as centrist on an international political spectrum because of its positioning as the "non-system opposition" left-liberal party supporting liberal democracy.[18]

The Russian United Democratic Party Yabloko (RUDP Yabloko; Russian: Росси́йская объединённая демократи́ческая па́ртия «Я́блоко», romanized: Rossiyskaya obyedinyonnaya demokraticheskaya partiya "Yabloko", IPA: [ˈjabɫəkə] , lit. 'apple') is a social-liberal[2][3][4] political party in Russia. The party consequently participated in the elections of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of all eight convocations. Until 2003, Yabloko was represented by a faction in the State Duma and later until 2007 by individual deputies. In March 2002, the party became a full member of the Liberal International, and since November 1998, it has been in observer status.[19] The founder of the party Grigory Yavlinsky is an honorary vice-president of the Liberal International and winner of its Prize for Freedom.[20][21] Since 2006, Yabloko has been a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). As of 2021, the party was represented by factions in 4 regional parliaments of the Russian Federation. In addition, members of the party were deputies of 13 administrative centers of the subjects of the Russian Federation, 183 representatives of the party were municipal deputies in Moscow and 84 in Saint Petersburg.[22]

The party also advocates for the protection of the rights of LGBT people in Russia.[23][24][25]

  1. ^ ""Яблоку" предложили не прерывать съезд" [Yabloko was offered not to interrupt the congress] (in Russian). Kommersant. 15 December 2019. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  2. ^ a b White, David (2005). "Going their own way: The Yabloko Party's opposition to unification". Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics. 21 (4): 462–486. doi:10.1080/13523270500363395. S2CID 153746098.
  3. ^ a b Laura Lyytikainen, ed. (2016). Performing Political Opposition in Russia: The Case of the Youth Group Oborona. Routledge. ISBN 9781317082293. According to one ex-activist of Oborona who had been also part of the movement from the beginning, the coalition between the right-wing SPS and the more social-liberal oriented Yabloko was possible because of Putin's 'antidemocratic' politics
  4. ^ a b "How Russia's political parties line up". BBC News. 6 March 2012. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2018. Yabloko's ideology is a mix of liberalism and social democracy.
  5. ^ [2][3][4]
  6. ^ Lewis, Paul G. (19 October 2018). Party Development and Democratic Change in Post-Communist Europe: The First Decade. Taylor & Francis US. ISBN 9780714681740 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "Yabloko hosts international conference on protecting women's rights". Alliance of Liberals and Democrats For Europe. 3 December 2020. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  8. ^ Sharkov, Damien (23 February 2016). "Russian Vandals Stop Maidan Massacre Commemoration in St. Petersburg". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  9. ^ Gowland, David; Dunphy, Richard; Lythe, Charlotte, eds. (2006). The European Mosaic (Third ed.). Pearson Education. p. 228. ISBN 9780582473706. Archived from the original on 2024-08-25. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
  10. ^ Cucciolla, Riccardo Mario (2019). "Introduction: The Many Dimensions of Russian Liberalism". In Cucciolla, Riccardo Mario (ed.). Dimensions and Challenges of Russian Liberalism: Historical Drama and New Prospects. Philosophy and Politics—Critical Explorations. Vol. 8. Springer Nature. p. xxxi. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05784-8. ISBN 978-3-030-05784-8. ISSN 2352-8370. S2CID 159261663.
  11. ^ Ross, Cameron (2009). Local Politics and Democratization in Russia. Routledge. ISBN 9780415336543. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  12. ^ Taras Kuzio, ed. (2007). Ukraine?Crimea?Russia: Triangle of Conflict. Columbia University Press. p. 111. ISBN 9783838257617. Archived from the original on 2024-08-25. Retrieved 2020-10-03. ... the centre-left Yabloko, initiated the first votes in the Russian Supreme Soviet ... of the centre-left Union of Right Forces and became an adviser to President ..
  13. ^ [9][10][11][12]
  14. ^ Anna Politkovskaya, ed. (2009). A Russian Diary: A Journalist's Final Account of Life, Corruption, and Death in Putin's Russia. Random House Publishing Group.
  15. ^ Padma Desai, ed. (2002). Conversations on Russia: Reform from Yeltsin to Putin. Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN 9780195300611.
  16. ^ Carroll, Oliver (7 February 2017). "Russia's Last Opposition Hero". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  17. ^ "Moscow court reverses Sergei Mitrokhin election ban". Deutsche Welle. 13 August 2019. Archived from the original on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2020. The Moscow city court ruled that the electoral commission should immediately register Mitrokhin of the centrist Yabloko party as a candidate, according to Russian state news agencies.
  18. ^ [16][17]
  19. ^ Европейские политики желают "Яблоку" победы на выборах в Госудуму, 5 July 2021, archived from the original on 2021-10-23, retrieved 2022-04-26
  20. ^ "Prize for Freedom". Liberal International. Archived from the original on 2019-02-14. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  21. ^ "Grigory Yavlinski". Liberal International. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  22. ^ ""ЯБЛОКО" во власти". Партия Яблоко.[permanent dead link]
  23. ^ Красовский, Алексей (2021-10-21). "Спасти рядовых членов ЛГБТ: "Яблоко" разрабатывает закон против дискриминации". Daily Storm (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2022-01-10. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  24. ^ "Проблему дискриминации ЛГБТ обсудили на круглом столе в Москве". lgbt-grani.livejournal.com. 6 April 2011. Archived from the original on 2023-04-11. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  25. ^ "Алексей Мельников призвал разрешить гей-парады и легализовать гей-браки в России". lgbt-grani.livejournal.com. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 2022-04-26.

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