Yelena Bonner

Yelena Bonner
Yelena Bonner
Елена Боннэр
	Bonner in 1989
Born	Lusik Georgiyevna Alikhanova; 15 February 1923; Merv, Turkestan ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died	18 June 2011 (aged 88); Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Citizenship	Soviet Union (1923–1991); Russian Federation (1991–2011);
Alma mater	Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Peterburg
Occupation(s)	nurse during World War II, physician, human right activist
Known for	Human rights activism, participation in the Moscow Helsinki Group
Movement	Dissident movement in the Soviet Union
Spouses	Ivan Semyonov (until 1965); Andrei Sakharov (1972–1989; his death);
Children	Tatyana Yankelevich (born 1950); Alexey Semyonov (born 1956);
Awards	Rafto Prize; Robert Schuman Medal; Giuseppe Motta Medal; Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana; Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk; Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland; Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom;

Yelena Georgiyevna Bonner (Russian: Елена Георгиевна Боннэр; 15 February 1923 – 18 June 2011)^[1]^[2] was a human rights activist in the former Soviet Union and wife of the physicist Andrei Sakharov. During her decades as a dissident, Bonner was noted for her characteristic blunt honesty and courage.^[3]^[4]

^ Stanley, Alessandra; Schwirtz, Michael (19 June 2011). "Yelena Bonner, Russian Rights Activist, Dies at 88". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 June 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
^ Beckerman, Gal (22 June 2011). "Remembering Yelena Bonner – Natan Sharansky Reminisces About His Ally and Friend". The Jewish Daily Forward (issue of 1 July 2011). Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2011. [...] Bonner suggested that, in addition to Sakharov's assessment of the Soviet Union and the state of the dissident movement, they provide the new president with a list of political prisoners. By memory, she then wrote out the names of the 16 most difficult cases.
^ Schmemann, Serge (19 June 2011). "Elena Georgievna Bonner, A True Human Rights Activist for 40 Years". "The New York Times". Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
^ Bonner, Elena (1992). Description of Bonner found in Antonina W. Bouis, 'Translator's Introduction' in Bonner's memoir Mothers and Daughters (2nd ed.). New York: Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-74335-4.

[nytimes.com-1] Stanley, Alessandra; Schwirtz, Michael (19 June 2011). "Yelena Bonner, Russian Rights Activist, Dies at 88". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 June 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2012.

[Sharansky-2] Beckerman, Gal (22 June 2011). "Remembering Yelena Bonner – Natan Sharansky Reminisces About His Ally and Friend". The Jewish Daily Forward (issue of 1 July 2011). Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2011. [...] Bonner suggested that, in addition to Sakharov's assessment of the Soviet Union and the state of the dissident movement, they provide the new president with a list of political prisoners. By memory, she then wrote out the names of the 16 most difficult cases.

[3] Schmemann, Serge (19 June 2011). "Elena Georgievna Bonner, A True Human Rights Activist for 40 Years". "The New York Times". Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2012.

[4] Bonner, Elena (1992). Description of Bonner found in Antonina W. Bouis, 'Translator's Introduction' in Bonner's memoir Mothers and Daughters (2nd ed.). New York: Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-74335-4.

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