Yukon River

Yukon River
Canoeing the Yukon River
Location of the Yukon River and watershed
Native name	Ųųg Han (Gwichʼin) Yuk Han (Gwichʼin) Kuigpak (Central Yupik) Kuukpak (Inupiaq) Yeqin (Degexit'an) Tth'echù' (Hän) Chuu k'onn (Hän) Chu Nìikwän (Southern Tutchone)
Location
Countries	United States Canada
State	Alaska
Province/Territory	British Columbia Yukon
Physical characteristics
Source	Llewellyn Glacier at Atlin Lake
• location	Atlin District, British Columbia, Canada
• coordinates	59°10′N 133°50′W / 59.167°N 133.833°W / 59.167; -133.833
• elevation	669 m (2,195 ft)[1]
Mouth	Bering Sea
• location	Kusilvak, Alaska, U.S.
• coordinates	62°35′55″N 164°48′00″W / 62.59861°N 164.80000°W / 62.59861; -164.80000
• elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Length	3,190 km (1,980 mi)
Basin size	854,700 km2 (330,000 sq mi)[2]
Width
• average	0.8 km (0.50 mi) Rampart to Tanana;[3] 820 to 1,000 m (2,690 to 3,280 ft) (Pilot Station)[4]
Depth
• average	9.1–12.1 m (30–40 ft) (Rampart to Tanana);[3]
• maximum	40 m (130 ft) (Rampart);[3] 24.4 m (80 ft) (Pilot Station)[4]
Discharge
• location	Yukon Delta
• average	7,000 m3/s (250,000 cu ft/s)[5][6]
Discharge
• location	Pilot Station
• average	(Period: 1976–2023)235,600 cu ft/s (6,670 m3/s)[7][8]
• minimum	35,000 cu ft/s (990 m3/s)(Year: 1984)[7]
• maximum	1,240,000 cu ft/s (35,000 m3/s)(Year: 2005)[7]
Discharge
• location	Stevens Village
• average	(Period: 1977–2023)123,200 cu ft/s (3,490 m3/s)[10][9]
• minimum	14,000 cu ft/s (400 m3/s) (Year: 1997)[9]
• maximum	827,000 cu ft/s (23,400 m3/s) (Year: 1992)[9]
Discharge
• location	Dawson
• average	(Period: 1944–1980)78,000 cu ft/s (2,200 m3/s)[11][2]
• maximum	527,000 cu ft/s (14,900 m3/s) (Year: 1964)[12]
Discharge
• location	Whitehorse
• average	(Period: 1944–2010)8,600 cu ft/s (240 m3/s)[11][2][13]
Basin features
Progression	Bering Sea
River system	Yukon River
Tributaries
• left	White, Fortymile, Birch Creek, Tanana, Nowitna, Innoko
• right	Tagish River, Atlin, Teslin, Big Salmon, Pelly, Stewart, Klondike, Porcupine, Christian, Chandalar, Melozitna, Koyukuk, Anvik, Atchuelinguk, Andreafsky
[14][15]

The Yukon River is a major watercourse of northwestern North America. From its source in British Columbia, it flows through Canada's territory of Yukon (itself named after the river). The lower half of the river continues westward through the U.S. state of Alaska. The river is 3,190 kilometres (1,980 mi)^[15][16] long and empties into the Bering Sea at the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta. The average flow is 6,400–7,000 m³/s (230,000–250,000 cu ft/s).^[5][6][2] The total drainage area is 854,700 km² (330,000 sq mi),^[2] of which 323,800 km² (125,000 sq mi) lies in Canada.^[17] The total area is more than 25% larger than Texas or Alberta.

The longest river in Alaska and Yukon, it was one of the principal means of transportation during the 1896–1903 Klondike Gold Rush. A portion of the river in Yukon—"The Thirty Mile" section, from Lake Laberge to the Teslin River—is a national heritage river and a unit of Klondike Gold Rush International Historical Park.^[18][19] Paddle-wheel riverboats continued to ply the river until the 1950s, when the Klondike Highway was completed. After the purchase of Alaska by the United States in 1867, the Alaska Commercial Company acquired the assets of the Russian-American Company and constructed several posts at various locations on the Yukon River.

The Yukon River has a recent history of pollution from military installations, dumps, wastewater, and other sources.^{[20][failed verification][citation needed]} However, the Environmental Protection Agency does not list the Yukon River among its impaired watersheds, and water-quality data from the U.S. Geological Survey shows relatively good levels of turbidity, metals, and dissolved oxygen.^[21] The Yukon and Mackenzie rivers have much higher suspended sediment concentrations than the great Siberian Arctic rivers.^[22]

The Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council, a cooperative effort of 70 First Nations and tribes in Alaska and Canada, has the goal of making the river and its tributaries safe to drink from again by supplementing and scrutinizing government data.