Back Dreissena polymorpha AN بلح البحر الحمار الوحشى ARZ Дрэйсена рачная Byelorussian Зеброва мида Bulgarian Musclo zebrat Catalan Dreissena polymorpha CEB Slávička mnohotvárná Czech Vandremusling Danish Wandermuschel German Zebra mitulo Esperanto

Zebra mussel

Zebra mussel
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Myida
Family: Dreissenidae
Genus: Dreissena
Species:
D. polymorpha
Binomial name
Dreissena polymorpha
(Pallas, 1771)[2]

The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a small freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Dreissenidae. The species originates from the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine,[3] but has been accidentally introduced to numerous other areas and has become an invasive species in many countries worldwide. Since the 1980s, the species has invaded the Great Lakes, Hudson River, Lake Travis, Finger Lakes, Lake Bonaparte, and Lake Simcoe. The adverse effects of dreissenid mussels on freshwater systems have led to their ranking as one of the world's most invasive aquatic species.[4][5]

The species was first described in 1769 by German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in the Ural, Volga, and Dnieper Rivers.[6] Zebra mussels get their name from a striped pattern commonly seen on their shells, though it is not universally present. They are usually about the size of a fingernail, but can grow to a maximum length around 50 mm (2 in).[7][8] Their shells are D-shaped, and attached to the substrate with strong byssal fibers, which come out of their umbo on the dorsal (hinged) side.

Right and left valve of the same specimen:

  • Right valve
    Right valve
  • Left valve
    Left valve
  1. ^ Van Damme, D. (2014). "Dreissena polymorpha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T155495A42428801. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T155495A42428801.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. 2013. Retrieved Feb 25, 2017.
  3. ^ Hoddle, M. S. "Quagga & Zebra Mussels". Center for Invasive Species Research, UC Riverside. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  4. ^ Meystedt, Kelsie; Loganathan, Bommanna G; Hendricks, Susan P.; White, David S. (2023-10-09). Dissolved Calcium in Kentucky Lake and Its Watershed: Trends and Possible Sources and Implications for Zebra Mussel Colonization (Report). Chemistry and Materials Science. doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0535.v1.
  5. ^ Simberloff, Daniel; Rejmánek, Marcel, eds. (2011). Encyclopedia of biological invasions. Encyclopedias of the natural world. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26421-2.
  6. ^ Mollusca Slovenska [The Slovak molluscs]. VEDA vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava, 344 pp.
  7. ^ The National Atlas of the United States of America (2009-09-17). "Zebra Mussels". Nationalatlas.gov. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  8. ^ "Zebra mussel — Invasive species: Minnesota DNR". Dnr.state.mn.us. 1999-08-24. Retrieved 2010-06-29.

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