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Disco

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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Disco (homonymie).

Disco
Description de l'image Disco Dancers.svg.
Origines stylistiques Funk, soul, musique psychédélique[1],[2],[3], musique latine (en particulier salsa)[4],[5], pop, musique afro-cubaine (soca)[6], musique classique, gospel[7], jazz[6], rhythm and blues, big band[7], musique électronique
Origines culturelles Début des années 1970 ; RFA
Instruments typiques Chant, guitare basse, batterie, cuivres, synthétiseur, violon, guitare électrique
Scènes régionales New York, Philadelphie, Chicago, Atlanta, Los Angeles, Miami, Londres, Toronto, Montréal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Paris
Voir aussi La Fièvre du samedi soir, boule à facettes, discothèque, disco-funk, Italo disco, nu-disco, silent disco

Genres dérivés

Synthpop, hi-NRG, Italo disco, house[8],[9],[10],[11],[12], techno, garage house

modifier

Le disco est un genre musical et une danse[13] apparus aux États-Unis au milieu des années 1970. Issu des genres funk, soul, pop, salsa et psychédélique, le disco est particulièrement popularisé pendant les années 1970, et revivra brièvement pendant quelque temps[14]. Le terme dérive du mot en français « discothèque »[15]. Son public initial est issu des communautés afro-américaine, latino-américaine[16], italo-américaine[17], et psychédélique de New York et Philadelphie à la fin des années 1960 et début des années 1970. Le disco émerge en tant que réponse à la domination de la scène rock et à la stigmatisation de la musique dance par la contre-culture durant cette période. À son apogée, le genre se popularisa parmi de nombreux groupes et artistes[18],[19],[20],[21],[22],[23],[17],[24].

La danse disco se pratique sur une piste de danse diffusant une musique dont le rythme régulier, comparable à des battements de cœur, s'accompagne de déhanchements sensuels unisexes exacerbés par l'exigüité des lieux, les éclairages et les tenues parfois suggestives. Dans les années 1970, elle se pratique également dans des Roller disco[25].

  1. ↑ (en)(2000) Last Night a DJ Saved My Life, (ISBN 978-0-8021-3688-6), page 127 : "Its [disco] music grew as much out of the psychedelic experiments ... as from ... Philadelphia orchestrations.
  2. ↑ (en) (2008) The Pirate's Dilemma: How Youth Culture is Reinventing Capitalism, (ISBN 978-1-4165-3218-7), page 140: "Disco, which emerged from the psychedelic haze of flower power infused with R&B and social progress that was being cooked up at the Loft ..."
  3. ↑ (en) Disco Double Take by The Village Voice : "And the scene's combination of overwhelming sound, trippy lighting, and hallucinogens was indebted to the late-60s psychedelic culture.", consulté le 29 novembre 2008.
  4. ↑ (en) Disco: Encyclopedia II - Disco - Origins. Experiencefestival.com, consulté le 29 novembre 2008
  5. ↑ (en) (2001) American Studies in a Moment of Danger, (ISBN 978-0-8166-3948-9), page 145 : "It has become general knowledge by now that the fusion of Latin rhythms, Anglo-Caribbean instrumentation, North American black "soul" vocals, and Euro-American melodies gave rise to the disco music"
  6. ↑ a et b (en) (2003) The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco, (ISBN 978-1-884365-32-4), page 67 : "Disco incorporates stylistic elements of Rock, Funk and the Motown sound while also drawing from Swing, Soca, Merengue and Afro-Cuban styles"
  7. ↑ a et b (en) (2006) A Change is Gonna Come: Music, Race & the Soul of America, (ISBN 978-0-472-03147-4), page 207: "A looser, explicitly polyrhythmic attack pushes the blues, gospel, and soul heritage into apparently endless cycle where there is no beginning or end, just an ever-present "now"."
  8. ↑ (en) Donato, Marla (1987), House Music: A Pulsing Beat Finds A Home. Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. 3 avril 1987, consulté le 4 mai 2014.
  9. ↑ (en) Trice, Dawn Turner (2012) House music: The beat goes on—Member of Chosen Few DJs delves into history of the musical movement. Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. 7 février 2012, consulté le 4 mai 2014.
  10. ↑ (en) Warde-Aldam, Digby (2014): House music is great music – or can be. The Spectator. Press Holdings. "I suspect the following statement may piss off dance nerds, but it’s fair to say that Knuckles had as much claim as anyone to having ‘invented’ house music thirty odd years ago. Essentially, he took the kitsch out of disco and turned it into a synthesiser-heavy global brand. Was it worth the effort, though?" ; 8 avril 2014, consulté le 4 mai 2014.
  11. ↑ (en) Walters, Barry (2014): Burning Down the House: Read SPIN's 1986 Feature on Chicago's Club Scene—New York has rap. Washington has go go. Chicago's got house, the boldest dance music on the planet. Put a little tickle on the jones' head, and jack yo' body. SPIN magazine. Spin Media. "Farley claims he invented house music. House music is HARD disco. It goes BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM with little variation, subtlety, melody, instrumentation — or music for that matter. House, by definition, ain't crossover. It's in the house, and it won't come out. [...] Like Levan, Knuckles mixed dubbed-up inspirational electronic funk cult jams by the Peech Boys and D Train with '70s black disco classics by Loleatta Holloway and South Shore Commission. [...] They called this sound Warehouse music. For short, house music." 04-01-2014 (re-issue of a November 1987 article), consulté le 4 mai 2014.
  12. ↑ Emmett G. Price, III, Tammy Kernodle et Horace Maxille, Encyclopedia of African American Music, ABC-CLIO, , 1116 p. (ISBN 978-0-313-34199-1, lire en ligne), p. 405.
  13. ↑ (en) Lori Ortiz, Disco Dance, ABC-CLIO, , 172 p..
  14. ↑ (en) It’s Happy, It’s Danceable and It May Rule Summer, New York Times, 29 mai 2013.
  15. ↑ (en) « The birth of disco », Oxford Dictionaries.
  16. ↑ (en) The audience of gay males (esp. gay African American and Latino males). Pour en savoir plus : David A. Generalist, Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture, Routledge, , 784 p. (ISBN 978-1-136-76181-2, lire en ligne), p. 153.
  17. ↑ a et b (en) Shapiro, Peter. Turn the Beat Around: The Rise and Fall of Disco, Macmillan, 2006. page 204–206 : 'Broadly speaking, the typical New York discotheque DJ is young (between 18 and 30), Italian, and gay,' journalist Vince Lettie declared in 1975...Remarkably, almost all of the important early DJ were of Italian extraction...Italian Americans have played a significant role in America's dance music culture...While Italian Americans mostly from Brooklyn largely created disco from scratch... [1].
  18. ↑ (en) (2007) The 1970s, (ISBN 978-0-313-33919-6), page 203–204: "During the late 1960s various male counterculture groups, most notably gay, but also heterosexual black and Latino, created an alternative to Rockefeller, which was dominated by white—and presumably heterosexual—men. This alternative was disco".
  19. ↑ (en) Disco Double Take: New York Parties Like It's 1975. Village Voicecom, consulté le 9 août 2009.
  20. ↑ (en) What's That Sound? • W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.. What's That Sound? • W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. Norton.com, consulté le 9 août 2009.
  21. ↑ (en) Mac Arthur's Disco : Disco Clubs at Disco Music.com. Discotheques and Clubs of the 1970s/80s: "Mac Arthur's Disco". Disco Music.com, consulté le 9 août 2009.
  22. ↑ (en) (1998) The Cambridge History of American Music, (ISBN 978-0-521-45429-2), (ISBN 978-0-521-45429-2), page 372 : Initially, disco musicians and audiences alike belonged to marginalized communities: women, gay, black, and Latinos, consulté le 9 août 2009.
  23. ↑ (en) (2002) Traces of the Spirit: The Religious Dimensions of Popular Music, (ISBN 978-0-8147-9809-6), (ISBN 978-0-8147-9809-6), page 117: New York City was the primary center of disco, and the original audience was primarily gay African Americans and Latinos.
  24. ↑ (1976) Stereo Review, University of Michigan, p. 75: [..] and the result—what has come to be called disco—was clearly the most compelling and influential form of black commercial pop music since the halcyon days of the "Motown Sound" of the middle Sixties..
  25. ↑ Les particularités de la danse disco, www.francebleu.fr, 3 juillet 2023

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