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Climate

yanayi
yanayi na halitta
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na physical phenomenon (en) Fassara da natural system (en) Fassara
Bangare na yanayi na halitta
Karatun ta Climatology da meteorology (en) Fassara
Witnessing the fall of Time
Antarctic surface trends
Climate

Yanayi shine yanayin yanayi na dogon lokaci a cikin yanki, yawanci matsakaicin sama da shekaru 30.[1][2] Fiye da haka, shine matsakaici da bambancin canjin yanayi a tsawon lokaci daga watanni zuwa miliyoyin shekaru. Wasu daga cikin masu canji na yanayi waɗanda aka saba auna su ne zafin jiki, danshi, Matsin yanayi, iska, da hazo. A cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, yanayi shine yanayin abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin yanayi, gami da yanayi, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere da biosphere da ruwa hulɗar tsakanin su.[1] Yanayin yanayi na wani wuri yana shafar latitude, longitude, ƙasa, tsawo, Amfani da ƙasa da ruwa da ke kusa da su da kuma raƙuman su.[3]

Ana iya rarraba yanayi bisa ga matsakaicin da masu canji na al'ada, galibi zafin jiki da hazo. Tsarin rarrabuwa da aka fi amfani da shi shine rarraba yanayi na Köppen. Tsarin Thornthwaite, [4] wanda ake amfani dashi tun 1948, ya haɗa da evapotranspiration tare da yanayin zafi da bayanin hazo kuma ana amfani dashi wajen nazarin bambancin halittu da yadda Canjin yanayi ke shafar shi. Manyan rarrabuwa a cikin rarrabawar yanayi na Thornthwaite sune microthermal, mesothermal, da megathermal.[5] A ƙarshe, tsarin rarrabawar Bergeron da Spatial Synoptic yana mai da hankali kan asalin iska wanda ke bayyana yanayin yankin.

Paleoclimatology shine nazarin yanayin yanayi na dā. Masana ilimin yanayi na zamanin d ̄ a suna neman bayyana bambancin yanayi ga dukkan sassan Duniya a kowane lokacin da aka ba su, farawa da lokacin da aka kafa Duniya.[6] Tun da yake akwai ƙananan abubuwan lura na kai tsaye na yanayi kafin karni na 19, ana ƙaddara yanayin yanayi daga masu canji. Sun haɗa da shaidar da ba ta ƙwayoyin cuta ba - kamar su datti da aka samo a cikin gadajen tafkin da ƙwayoyin ƙanƙara - da shaidar ƙwayoyin halitta - kamar zoben itace da murjani. Misalai na yanayi sune tsarin lissafi na yanayi na baya, yanzu, da na gaba. Canjin yanayi na iya faruwa a cikin dogon lokaci da gajeren lokaci saboda dalilai daban-daban. Ana tattauna dumama na baya-bayan nan dangane da dumama na duniya, wanda ke haifar da sake rarraba halittu. , kamar yadda masanin kimiyyar yanayi Lesley Ann Hughes ya rubuta: "canji na 3 ° C [5 ° F] a cikin matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara ya dace da canji a cikin isotherms na kusan 300-400 [190-250 mi] a latitude (a cikin yankin matsakaici) ko 500 metres (1,600 ft) m a tsawo. Saboda haka, ana sa ran jinsuna su matsa sama a cikin tsawo ko zuwa ga sanduna a cikin latitude don mayar da martani ga sauya yanayin yanayi.[7]  

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matthews, J.B. Robin; Möller, Vincent; van Diemen, Renée; Fuglestvedt, Jan S.; Masson-Delmotte, Valérie; Méndez, Carlos; Semenov, Sergey; Reisinger, Andy (2021). "Annex VII. Glossary: IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" (PDF). IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. p. 2222. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-06-05. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  2. ↑ Shepherd, J. Marshall; Shindell, Drew; O'Carroll, Cynthia M. (1 February 2005). "What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate?". NASA. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  3. ↑ Gough, William A.; Leung, Andrew C. W. (2022). "Do Airports Have Their Own Climate?". Meteorology (in Turanci). 1 (2): 171–182. doi:10.3390/meteorology1020012. ISSN 2674-0494.
  4. ↑ Thornthwaite, C. W. (1948). "An Approach Toward a Rational Classification of Climate" (PDF). Geographical Review. 38 (1): 55–94. doi:10.2307/210739. JSTOR 210739. Archived from the original (PDF) on Jan 24, 2012. Retrieved 2010-12-13.
  5. ↑ "All About Climate". Education | National Geographic Society (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  6. ↑ "paleoclimatology | science". Britannica (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-09-01. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  7. ↑ Hughes, Leslie (1 February 2000). "Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent?". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 15 (2): 56–61. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01764-4. PMID 10652556. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved November 17, 2016.

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