Lysander Spooner

Lysander Spooner
Lahir(1808-01-19)19 Januari 1808
Athol, Massachusetts, Amerika Serikat
Meninggal14 Mei 1887(1887-05-14) (umur 79)
Boston, Massachusetts, Amerika Serikat
PekerjaanPengusaha dan penulis
KebangsaanAmerika Serikat
GenreNonfiksi
TemaFilsafat politik
Karya terkenalNo Treason, The Unconstitutionality of Slavery

Karier filsafat

EraFilsafat abad ke-19
KawasanFilsafat Barat
AliranAnarkisme individualis
Mutualisme
Minat utama
Hukum alam
Dipengaruhi
Memengaruhi

Lysander Spooner (19 Januari 1808 – 14 Mei 1887) adalah anarkis individualis Amerika Serikat. Dia juga seorang abolisionis, pengusaha, esais, teoretikus hukum, pamfeltis, filsuf politik, unitarian, penulis dan anggota Internasional Pertama.[1]

Spooner adalah pendukung kuat gerakan buruh, antiotoritarian, dan anarkis individualis dalam pandangan politiknya.[2][3] Ideologi ekonomi dan politiknya sering kali diidentifikasi sebagai sosialisme libertarian dan mutualisme.[4][5][6][7] Tulisan-tulisannya berkontribusi pada perkembangan teori politik baik libertarian kiri dan libertarian kanan dalam libertarianisme di Amerika Serikat.[8][9][10]

Tulisan Spooner termasuk buku abolisionis, The Unconstitutionality of Slavery dan No Treason: The Constitution of No Authority yang menentang tuduhan makar terhadap separatis.[11][12][13] Spooner juga dikenal karena berkompetisi dengan Layanan Pos Amerika Serikat dengan perusahaannya, American Letter Mail Company. Namun, kompetisi ini berakhir setelah permasalahan hukum dengan pemerintah federal.[4][14]

  1. ^ Woodcock, George (1962). Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. Melbourne: Penguin. hlm. 460. 
  2. ^ Martin, James J. (1953). Men Against the State: The Expositers of Individualist Anarchism in America, 1827–1908. "Lysander Spooner, Dissident Among Dissidents". Auburn: Mises Institute. pp. 167–201. ISBN 9781610163910.
  3. ^ Rosemont, Henry Jr. (2015). Against Individualism: A Confucian Rethinking of the Foundations of Morality, Politics, Family, and Religion. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 78. ISBN 9780739199817.
  4. ^ a b Swartz, Clarence Lee (1945). What Is Mutualism? Modern Publishers. p. 126.
  5. ^ Woodcock, George (1962). Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. Melbourne: Penguin. hlm. 434. 
  6. ^ Marshall, Peter (2009). Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism. Oakland: PM Press. p. 387. ISBN 9781604862706.
  7. ^ Morris, Brian (2015). Anthropology, Ecology, and Anarchism: A Brian Morris Reader. Oakland: PM Press. p. 208. ISBN 9781604860931.
  8. ^ Miller, David, ed. (1987). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-631-17944-3. "A student and disciple of the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises, Rothbard combined the laissez-faire economics of his teacher with the absolutist views of human rights and rejection of the state he had absorbed from studying the individualist American anarchists of the 19th century such as Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker."
  9. ^ McKay, Iain, ed. (2012) [2008]. "Lysander Spooner: right-'libertarian' or libertarian socialist?". An Anarchist FAQ. I/II. Stirling: AK Press. ISBN 9781849351225. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-02-13. Diakses tanggal 2020-11-16. 
  10. ^ MacSaorsa, Iain. "The Ideas of Lysander Spooner — Libertarian or libertarian socialist?". Spunk Library. December 3, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2019 – via The Anarchist Library.
  11. ^ Smith, George H. (1992). The Lysander Spooner Reader. p. xix.
  12. ^ Barnett, Randy E. (February 22, 2010). Whence Comes Section One? The Abolitionist Origins of the Fourteenth Amendment. Rochester, New York: Social Science Research Network. SSRN 1538862alt=Dapat diakses gratis. 
  13. ^ Raico, Ralph. "Neither the Wars Nor the Leaders Were Great". Ludwig von Mises Institute. March 29, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
  14. ^ Krohn, Raymond James (Summer 2007). "The Limits of Jacksonian Liberalism: Individualism, Dissent, and the Gospel of Andrew According to Lysander Spooner". Journal of Libertarian Studies. 21 (2): 46–47.

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