Mata Hari

Mata Hari
Mata Hari
	Mata Hari, oleh Léopold-Émile Reutlinger, 1906
Aliansi	Prancis, Jerman
Pelayanan	Deuxième Bureau
Aktif	1916–1917
Nama lahir	Margaretha Geertruida Zelle
Kelahiran	7 Agustus 1876; Leeuwarden, Belanda
Meninggal	15 Oktober 1917 (umur 41); Vincennes, Republik Ketiga Prancis
Penyebab ; kematian	Penghukuman mati dengan regu tembak
Kebangsaan	Belanda
Orangtua	Adam Zelle (ayah) ; Antje van der Meulen (ibu)
Pasangan	Rudolf John MacLeod (m. 1895; c. 1906)
Anak-anak	2
Pekerjaan	Penari eksotis; pelacur; mata-mata;
Tanda tangan

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (nama lahir: Zelle; 7 Agustus 1876 – 15 Oktober 1917), lebih dikenal dengan nama panggung Mata Hari, adalah seorang penari eksotis dan pelacur Belanda yang dihukum karena menjadi mata-mata Jerman selama Perang Dunia I. Banyak orang masih percaya dia tidak bersalah^[1] mereka beranggapan bahwa Tentara Prancis hanya membutuhkan kambing hitam.^[2]^[3] Dia dieksekusi oleh regu tembak di Prancis.^[4]

^ Goldsmith, Belinda (7 August 2007). "Mata Hari was a scapegoat, not a spy – biographer". Reuters. “But the evidence is quite strong that she was completely innocent of espionage,” Shipman, a professor of anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, told Reuters. “When she was arrested the war was going very badly for the French and she was a foreigner, very sexy, having affairs with everyone, and living lavishly while people in Paris had no bread. There was a lot of resentment against her.” Shipman said Mata Hari’s standing in 1917 was similar to that of Marilyn Monroe in the 1960s—she was recognizable everywhere and considered the sexiest, most desirable women in Europe. “This is part of why it is so ludicrous to think she was a spy. She couldn’t be clandestine and sneak around. She couldn’t help but attract attention,” said Shipman, whose book Femme Fatale: Love, Lies and the Unknown Life of Mata Hari (ISBN 978-0297856276) has just been released.
^ "Why Mata Hari Wasn't a Cunning Spy After All". National Geographic. 12 November 2017. In 1916 the war was going badly for the French. Two of the longest and bloodiest battles of the war—Verdun and the Somme—pitted the French against the Germans for months at a time. The mud, bad sanitation, disease, and the newly introduced horror of phosgene gas led to the death or maiming of hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Eventually, French troops became so demoralized that some refused to fight. Ladoux felt the arrest of a prominent spy could raise French spirits and recharge the war effort.
^ Howe, Russel Warren (1986). Mata Hari: The True Story. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. pp. x–xi, 285.
^ "Mata Hari". Encyclopædia Britannica. Diakses tanggal 21 August 2007. The daughter of a prosperous hatter, she attended a teachers' college in Leiden. In 1895 she married an officer whose family was of Scottish origin, Captain Rudolph MacLeod, in the Dutch colonial army, and from 1897 to 1902 they lived in Java and Sumatra. The couple returned to Europe but later separated, and she began to dance professionally in Paris in 1905 under the name of Lady MacLeod. She soon called herself Mata Hari, said to be a Malay expression for the sun (literally, "eye of the day"). Tall, extremely attractive, superficially acquainted with East Indian dances, and willing to appear virtually nude in public, she was an instant success in Paris and other large cities.

[1] Goldsmith, Belinda (7 August 2007). "Mata Hari was a scapegoat, not a spy – biographer". Reuters. “But the evidence is quite strong that she was completely innocent of espionage,” Shipman, a professor of anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, told Reuters. “When she was arrested the war was going very badly for the French and she was a foreigner, very sexy, having affairs with everyone, and living lavishly while people in Paris had no bread. There was a lot of resentment against her.” Shipman said Mata Hari’s standing in 1917 was similar to that of Marilyn Monroe in the 1960s—she was recognizable everywhere and considered the sexiest, most desirable women in Europe. “This is part of why it is so ludicrous to think she was a spy. She couldn’t be clandestine and sneak around. She couldn’t help but attract attention,” said Shipman, whose book Femme Fatale: Love, Lies and the Unknown Life of Mata Hari (ISBN 978-0297856276) has just been released.

[2] "Why Mata Hari Wasn't a Cunning Spy After All". National Geographic. 12 November 2017. In 1916 the war was going badly for the French. Two of the longest and bloodiest battles of the war—Verdun and the Somme—pitted the French against the Germans for months at a time. The mud, bad sanitation, disease, and the newly introduced horror of phosgene gas led to the death or maiming of hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Eventually, French troops became so demoralized that some refused to fight. Ladoux felt the arrest of a prominent spy could raise French spirits and recharge the war effort.

[Howe,_Russel_Warren_1986-3] Howe, Russel Warren (1986). Mata Hari: The True Story. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. pp. x–xi, 285.

[eb-4] "Mata Hari". Encyclopædia Britannica. Diakses tanggal 21 August 2007. The daughter of a prosperous hatter, she attended a teachers' college in Leiden. In 1895 she married an officer whose family was of Scottish origin, Captain Rudolph MacLeod, in the Dutch colonial army, and from 1897 to 1902 they lived in Java and Sumatra. The couple returned to Europe but later separated, and she began to dance professionally in Paris in 1905 under the name of Lady MacLeod. She soon called herself Mata Hari, said to be a Malay expression for the sun (literally, "eye of the day"). Tall, extremely attractive, superficially acquainted with East Indian dances, and willing to appear virtually nude in public, she was an instant success in Paris and other large cities.

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