Metamfetamina

Metamfetamina
Citra rasemat senyawa metamfetamina
Nama sistematis (IUPAC)
(RS)-N-metil-1-fenilpropan-2-amina
Data klinis
Nama dagang Desoxyn, Methedrine
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
Data lisensi US FDA:link
Kat. kehamilan C(US)
Status hukum Dikontrol (S8) (AU) Schedule I (CA) ? (UK) Schedule II (US)
Kemungkinan
ketergantungan
Physical: None; Psychological: High
Rute Medis: oral (pencernaan)
Rekreasi: oral, intravena, intramuskular, subkutan, menghirup uap, insuflasi, rektal, vagina
Data farmakokinetik
Bioavailabilitas Oral: 67%[1][2][3][4]
Intranasal: 79%[1][2]
Inhalasi: 67–90%[1][2][3]
intravena: 100%[1][4]
Ikatan protein Secara luas bervariasi[5]
Metabolisme CYP2D6[6][7] dan FMO3[8][9]
Waktu paruh 9–12 jam (rentang 5–30 jam) (terlepas dari rute yang digunakan)[1][2]
Ekskresi Utamanya ginjal
Pengenal
Nomor CAS 537-46-2 YaY
Kode ATC N06BA03
PubChem CID 1206
Ligan IUPHAR 4803
DrugBank DB01577
ChemSpider 1169 YaY
UNII 44RAL3456C YaY
KEGG D08187 YaY
ChEBI CHEBI:6809 YaY
ChEMBL CHEMBL1201201 YaY
Sinonim N-metilamfetamina, N,α-dimetilfenetilamina, desoksiefedrina
Data kimia
Rumus C10H15N 
  • InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-9(11-2)8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3 YaY
    Key:MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N YaY

Data fisik
Titik lebur 170 °C (338 °F) [10]
Titik didih 212 °C (414 °F) pada 760 mmHg[10]

Metamfetamina (metilamfetamina atau desoksiefedrin), disingkat meth, dan dikenal di Asia Tenggara, Hong Kong, Jepang dan Arab Saudi sebagai sabu-sabu atau shabu-shabu,[11][12] adalah obat psikostimulansia dan simpatomimetik. Obat ini dipergunakan untuk kasus parah ADHD atau narkolepsi dengan nama dagang Desoxyn, tetapi juga disalahgunakan sebagai narkotika. "Crystal meth" adalah bentuk kristal dari metamfetamina yang dapat dihisap lewat pipa.

  1. ^ a b c d e Cruickshank CC, Dyer KR (Juli 2009). "A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine". Addiction. 104 (7): 1085–99. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02564.x. PMID 19426289. 
  2. ^ a b c d Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM (Agustus 2010). "The clinical toxicology of metamfetamine". Clinical Toxicology. 48 (7): 675–694. doi:10.3109/15563650.2010.516752. ISSN 1556-3650. PMID 20849327. 
  3. ^ a b Courtney KE, Ray LA (Oktober 2014). "Methamphetamine: an update on epidemiology, pharmacology, clinical phenomenology, and treatment literature". Drug Alcohol Depend. 143: 11–21. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.003. PMC 4164186alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 25176528. 
  4. ^ a b Rau T, Ziemniak J, Poulsen D (2015). "The neuroprotective potential of low-dose methamphetamine in preclinical models of stroke and traumatic brain injury". Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 64: 231–6. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.013alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 25724762. In humans, the oral bioavailability of methamphetamine is approximately 70% but increases to 100% following intravenous (IV) delivery (Ares-Santos et al., 2013). 
  5. ^ "Toxicity". Methamphetamine. PubChem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 
  6. ^ Sellers EM, Tyndale RF (2000). "Mimicking gene defects to treat drug dependence". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 909 (1): 233–246. Bibcode:2000NYASA.909..233S. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06685.x. PMID 10911933. Methamphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant drug, is p-hydroxylated by CYP2D6 to less active p-OH-methamphetamine. 
  7. ^ "Adderall XR Prescribing Information" (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Shire US Inc. December 2013. hlm. 12–13. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 30 December 2013. Diakses tanggal 30 December 2013. 
  8. ^ Krueger SK, Williams DE (June 2005). "Mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases: structure/function, genetic polymorphisms and role in drug metabolism". Pharmacol. Ther. 106 (3): 357–387. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.01.001. PMC 1828602alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 15922018. 
    Table 5: N-containing drugs and xenobiotics oxygenated by FMO Diarsipkan 16 September 2018 di Wayback Machine.
  9. ^ Cashman JR, Xiong YN, Xu L, Janowsky A (Maret 1999). "N-oxygenation of amphetamine and methamphetamine by the human flavin-containing monooxygenase (form 3): role in bioactivation and detoxication". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 288 (3): 1251–1260. PMID 10027866. 
  10. ^ a b "Chemical and Physical Properties". Methamphetamine. PubChem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 
  11. ^ Harsanto, Damar. "Some women inmates unable to kick drug habits". The Jakarta Post. 
  12. ^ Yudono, Jodhi. "Upacara "Spiritual" Kaum Penipu". Kompas.com. Kompas Cyber Media. 

Developed by StudentB