Monad (filsafat)

Monad (dari bahasa Yunani μονάς monas, "satuan" dari μόνος monos, "tunggal") adalah istilah dalam filsafat yang memiliki banyak arti. Menurut pythagoreanisme, monad adalah istilah untuk ketuhanan atau yang-ada pertama, atau totalitas dari seluruh yang-ada.^[1] Bagi para penganut pythagoreanisme, penghasilan rentetan angka terkait dengan objek geometri dan juga kosmogoni.^[2] Menurut Diogenes Laertius, dari monad berkembang dyad; dari angka-angkanya; dari angka-angka, titik-titiknya; kemudian garis-garis, entitas-entitas dua dimensi, entitas-entitas tiga dimensi, tubuh, dan akhirnya menjadi empat unsur bumi, air, api, dan udara, yang membentuk dunia^[3]

^ Fairbanks, Arthur, Ed., "The First Philosophers of Greece". K. Paul, Trench, Trubner. London, 1898, hlm. 145.
^ Sandywell, hlm. 205. The generation of the number-series is to the Pythagoreans, in other words, both the generation of the objects of geometry and also cosmogony. Since things equal numbers, the first unit, in generating the number series, is generating also the physical universe. (KR: 256) From this perspective ‘the monad’ or ‘One’ was readily identified with the divine origin of reality.
^ Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers.

[1] Fairbanks, Arthur, Ed., "The First Philosophers of Greece". K. Paul, Trench, Trubner. London, 1898, hlm. 145.

[2] Sandywell, hlm. 205. The generation of the number-series is to the Pythagoreans, in other words, both the generation of the objects of geometry and also cosmogony. Since things equal numbers, the first unit, in generating the number series, is generating also the physical universe. (KR: 256) From this perspective ‘the monad’ or ‘One’ was readily identified with the divine origin of reality.

[3] Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers.

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