Turcomanni siriani

Turcomanni siriani; Suriye Türkmenleri; تركمان سوريا
	Una delle bandiere dei turcomanni siriani
Luogo d'origine	Siria
Lingua	turco, arabo
Religione	Islam (Sunnismo, Sciismo)
Gruppi correlati	altre popolazioni turche
Distribuzione
Siria	1.500.000-6.000.000
Turchia	500.000-1.000.000
Libano	200.000
	Manuale

I turcomanni siriani (detti anche turchi di Siria) (in arabo تركمان سوريا‎^?, in turco Suriye Türkmenleri o Suriye Türkleri), sono cittadini siriani di origine prevalentemente turca le cui famiglie sono emigrate in Siria dall'Anatolia durante i secoli del dominio ottomano (1516-1918).^[3]

I turcomanni siriani condividono legami genealogici e linguistici con i turchi in Turchia e i turcomanni iracheni e non si identificano con i turkmeni del Turkmenistan e dell'Asia centrale.^[3]^[4] Risiedono per lo più nell'area vicina al confine tra Siria e Turchia che va dai governatorati nord-occidentali di Idlib e Aleppo al governatorato nord-orientale di Raqqa. Inoltre, molti risiedono sul monte Turkmen, con il nome locale della zona Bayırbucak, la regione vicino a Latakia, la città di Homs e le sue vicinanze fino a Hama, Damasco e i governatorati sudoccidentali di Dar'a (al confine con la Giordania) e Quneitra (al confine con Israele).^[5] La maggioranza dei turcomanni siriani sono musulmani sunniti.^[6]

Durante la guerra civile siriana (2011-presente), i turcomanni siriani sono stati coinvolti in azioni militari contro le forze governative siriane e hanno cercato sostegno e protezione in Turchia. Più recentemente, si sono uniti sotto un unico organo governativo ufficiale, l'Assemblea turcomanna siriana e hanno creato l'ala militare dell'assemblea, le Brigate turcomanne siriane, allo scopo di proteggere le regioni e le popolazioni turcomanne.^[7] Tuttavia, non tutti i turcomanni sostengono l'offensiva turca in Siria, iniziata a fine agosto 2016, e alcuni si sono schierati con le Forze Democratiche Siriane, formando la Brigata selgiuchida.

^ {{Piccinin, Piere (2011), "Après avoir été sur le terrain, La Libre Belgique, Les Turcomans pratiquant exclusivement leur dialecte turc sont 1 500 000. L’ensemble des Turcomans de Syrie (y compris ceux qui ont adopté l’arabe comme langue usuelle), sont estimés entre 3,5 et 6 millions, soit de 15 à 20 % de la population. C’est le troisième groupe de population en importance."}}
^ "Suriye Türkmenlerinin sorunlarına ilişkin gündem dışı konuşması". Grand National Assembly of Turkey. 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2020. Yaklaşık olarak 200 bin Türkmen'in Lübnan'da yaşadığı tahmin edilmektedir."
^ ^a ^b The New York Times, Who Are the Turkmens of Syria?, su nytimes.com, 2015. URL consultato il 3 marzo 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 14 gennaio 2017).
«In the context of Syria, though, the term ["Turkmen"] is used somewhat differently, to refer mainly to people of Turkish heritage whose families migrated to Syria from Anatolia during the centuries of the Ottoman period — and thus would be closer kin to the Turks of Turkey than to the Turkmens of Central Asia...Q. How many are there? A. No reliable figures are available, and estimates on the number of Turkmens in Syria and nearby countries vary widely, from the hundreds of thousands up to 3 million or more.»
^ 2015, ISBN 978-0-230-11552-1.
«There are nearly one million [Turkmen] in Syria... Many Turkic peoples who have lived for centuries in the Middle East have been called Turkmen, Turkman, and Turkoman without being seen a part of the Turkmen nation in the Turkmenistani meaning of the term... The majority of "Turkmen" in Iraq, Syria, and Turkey have been established there for several centuries and have no relationship with contemporary Turkmenistan. "Turkmen" is often used to designate Turkic-speakers in Arab areas, or Sunnis in Shitte areas. In this case, "Oghuz" more accurately identifies the common genealogical and linguistic ties.»
^ vol. 11, 2013, https://jamestown.org/program/syrian-turkmen-join-opposition-forces-in-pursuit-of-a-new-syrian-identity/.
«Syria’s Turkmen communities are descendants of Oghuz Turkish tribal migrants who began moving from Central Asia into the area of modern-day Syria during the 10th century, when the Turkic Seljuk dynasty ruled much of the region. Under the Ottomans, Turkmen were encouraged to establish villages throughout the rural hinterlands of several Syrian cities in order to counter the demographic weight and influence of the settled and nomadic and semi-nomadic Arab tribesmen that populated the region. Syrian Turkmen were also settled to serve as local gendarmes to help assert Ottoman authority over roads and mountain passes in diverse regions such as the Alawite-majority, northwestern coastal governorate of Latakia. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, communities of Turkmen continued to reside in the country.»
^ 2013, http://www.arab-reform.net/en/node/510.
«Turkmen are the third largest ethnic group in Syria, making up around 4-5% of the population. Some estimations indicate that they are the second biggest group, outnumbering Kurds, drawing on the fact that Turkmen are divided into two groups: the rural Turkmen who make up 30% of the Turkmen in Syria and who have kept their mother tongue, and the urban Turkmen who have become Arabised and no longer speak their mother language. Turkmen are mostly found in the urban centres and countryside of six governorates of Syria: Aleppo, Damascus, Homs, Hama, Latakia and Quneitra...The overwhelming majority of Turkmen in Syria are Sunni Muslims.»
^ Dispossessed Turkomans in Syria wait for Turkey’s support (archiviato dall'url originale il 25 dicembre 2012).

[1] {{Piccinin, Piere (2011), "Après avoir été sur le terrain, La Libre Belgique, Les Turcomans pratiquant exclusivement leur dialecte turc sont 1 500 000. L’ensemble des Turcomans de Syrie (y compris ceux qui ont adopté l’arabe comme langue usuelle), sont estimés entre 3,5 et 6 millions, soit de 15 à 20 % de la population. C’est le troisième groupe de population en importance."}}

[2] "Suriye Türkmenlerinin sorunlarına ilişkin gündem dışı konuşması". Grand National Assembly of Turkey. 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2020. Yaklaşık olarak 200 bin Türkmen'in Lübnan'da yaşadığı tahmin edilmektedir."

[TheNewYorkTimes-3] The New York Times, Who Are the Turkmens of Syria?, su nytimes.com, 2015. URL consultato il 3 marzo 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 14 gennaio 2017).
«In the context of Syria, though, the term ["Turkmen"] is used somewhat differently, to refer mainly to people of Turkish heritage whose families migrated to Syria from Anatolia during the centuries of the Ottoman period — and thus would be closer kin to the Turks of Turkey than to the Turkmens of Central Asia...Q. How many are there? A. No reliable figures are available, and estimates on the number of Turkmens in Syria and nearby countries vary widely, from the hundreds of thousands up to 3 million or more.»

[Peyrouse2015-4] 2015, ISBN 978-0-230-11552-1.
«There are nearly one million [Turkmen] in Syria... Many Turkic peoples who have lived for centuries in the Middle East have been called Turkmen, Turkman, and Turkoman without being seen a part of the Turkmen nation in the Turkmenistani meaning of the term... The majority of "Turkmen" in Iraq, Syria, and Turkey have been established there for several centuries and have no relationship with contemporary Turkmenistan. "Turkmen" is often used to designate Turkic-speakers in Arab areas, or Sunnis in Shitte areas. In this case, "Oghuz" more accurately identifies the common genealogical and linguistic ties.»

[Heras2013-5] vol. 11, 2013, https://jamestown.org/program/syrian-turkmen-join-opposition-forces-in-pursuit-of-a-new-syrian-identity/.
«Syria’s Turkmen communities are descendants of Oghuz Turkish tribal migrants who began moving from Central Asia into the area of modern-day Syria during the 10th century, when the Turkic Seljuk dynasty ruled much of the region. Under the Ottomans, Turkmen were encouraged to establish villages throughout the rural hinterlands of several Syrian cities in order to counter the demographic weight and influence of the settled and nomadic and semi-nomadic Arab tribesmen that populated the region. Syrian Turkmen were also settled to serve as local gendarmes to help assert Ottoman authority over roads and mountain passes in diverse regions such as the Alawite-majority, northwestern coastal governorate of Latakia. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, communities of Turkmen continued to reside in the country.»

[Khalifa2013-6] 2013, http://www.arab-reform.net/en/node/510.
«Turkmen are the third largest ethnic group in Syria, making up around 4-5% of the population. Some estimations indicate that they are the second biggest group, outnumbering Kurds, drawing on the fact that Turkmen are divided into two groups: the rural Turkmen who make up 30% of the Turkmen in Syria and who have kept their mother tongue, and the urban Turkmen who have become Arabised and no longer speak their mother language. Turkmen are mostly found in the urban centres and countryside of six governorates of Syria: Aleppo, Damascus, Homs, Hama, Latakia and Quneitra...The overwhelming majority of Turkmen in Syria are Sunni Muslims.»

[7] Dispossessed Turkomans in Syria wait for Turkey’s support (archiviato dall'url originale il 25 dicembre 2012).

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