Uranium

Uranium,  ₉₂U

General properties
Pangucapan	/j[unsupported input]eɪniəm/ ​(ewr-AY-nee-əm)
Wujud	Logam klawu semu pirak; kena oksidasi dadi ireng nalika kacambor karo udara
Bobot atom standar (Ar, standard)	7002238028910000000♠238.02891(3)[1]
Uranium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Nd ↑ U ↓ (Uqb) protaktinium ← uranium → neptunium
Atomic number (Z)	92
Group	group 3
Period	period 7
Blok	f-block
Konfigurasi èlèktron	[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2
Sipat angga
Phase at STP	padat
Melting point	1405,3 K ​(1132,2 °C, ​2070 °F)
Boiling point	4404 K ​(4131 °C, ​7468 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19,1 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17,3 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	9,14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	417,1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27,665 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2325 2564 2859 3234 3727 4402
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3[2] (Oksida basa lemah)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1,38
Atomic radius	empirical: 156 pm
Covalent radius	196±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	186 pm
Spectral lines
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​ortorombik Ortorombik crystal structure for uranium
Speed of sound thin rod	3155 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	13,9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	27,5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	0,280 µ Ω·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetik
Young's modulus	208 GPa
Shear modulus	111 GPa
Bulk modulus	100 GPa
Poisson ratio	0,23
CAS Number	7440-61-1
Main isotopes of uranium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 232U syn 68,9 thn SF — α 5,414 228Th 233U syn 159.200 thn SF 197,93[3] — α 4,909 229Th 234U 0,0054% 245.500 thn SF 197,78 — α 4,859 230Th 235U 0,7204% 7.038×108 thn SF 202,48 — α 4,679 231Th 236U Kelumit 2,342×107 thn SF 201,82 — α 4,572 232Th 238U 99,2742% 4,468×109 thn α 4,270 234Th SF 205,87 — ββ
deleng rembug besut | references | in Wikidata

Uranium yakuwi sawijining unsur kimia jroning tabel périodik kang nduwèni lambang U lan nomer atom 92. yaiku wujud salah sijiné unsur kimia sajeroning tabel periodik kang duwèni lambang U lan nomer atom 92. Salah sijiné logam abot, beracun, wernané putih rodok pérak lan radioaktif alami, uranium kalebu ing sèri aktiinida (actinide series). isotopé 235U digunakaké minangka bahan bakar reaktor nuklir lan senjata nuklir. Uranium racaké ana ing watu-watunan nanging cacahé sithik, uga ana ing lemah, banyu, wit-witan, lan kéwan (kalebu manungsa).^[4] Uranium wujud unsur logam radioaktif kanthi titik lebur 1.1.50 C lan titik umob 3.818C. Uranium tinemu ing taun 1789 déning M. Klaproth. Uranium sumberé saka mineral, kaya ta kerpu uranium(uranit), karnotit, lan wiji liyané. Panggunaan uranium dhéwé yaiku minangka kanggo keramik, pigmen gelas, fotografi lan analisis kimia.^[5]

Uranium ndarbèni 92 proton lan 92 elektron, lan elektron valensi 6. inti uranium ngiket akèhé 141 nganti 146 neutron, saéngga ana 6 isotop uranium. isotop kang paling umum yaiku uranium 238 (146 neutron) lan uranium 235 (143 neutron). Kabèh isotop uranium ora stabil lan sipaté radioaktif endèk. Uranium Nduwèni bobot atom paling abot kapindho ing antarané kabèh unsur-unsur kimia kang bisa tinemu kanthi alami.^[6] Masa jinis uranium kira-kira 70% luwih gedhé daripada timbel, nanging ora sepadet emas utawa tungsten. Uranium bisa tinemu kanthi alami ing konsèntrasi éndek ing lemah, wewatuan, lan banyu.

Uranium kang bisa ditemoni kanthi alami yaiku uranium 238 (99,2742%), uranium-235 (0,7204%), sekelumit uranium-234 (0,0054%). Uraanium meluruh kanthi alon kanti mancaraké partikel alfa. Umur paruh uranium 238 yiku 4,47 miliyar taun, wondéné kanggo uranium 235 yaiku 704 taun. Mangka saka iku, uranium bisa minangka ngerténi umuré bumi.^[7]

Uranium 235 wujud siji-sijiné isotop unusur kimia alami kang sipaté fisil (yaiku bisa nahan reaksi beranté ing fusi nuklir), wondéné uranium 238 bisa didadèkaké fisil nggunakaké neutron rikat. Saliyané iku, uranium 238 uga bisa ditransmutasikaké dadi plutonium-239 kang sipaté fisil sajeroning reaktor nuklir. Isotop uranium liyané kang uga sipaté fisil yaiku uranium 233 kang dikasélaké saka torium

1. ↑ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
2. ↑ The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements: Third Edition by L.R. Morss, N.M. Edelstein, J. Fuger, eds. (Netherlands: Springer, 2006.)
3. ↑ BNL-NCS 51363, vol. II (1981), pages 835ff
4. ↑ [1] pengertian-uranium, (Kaunduh 22/10/12).
5. ↑ [2] Archived 2013-03-07 at the Wayback Machine., Kaunduh 22/10/12.
6. ↑ Hoffman, D. C.; Lawrence, F. O.; Mewherter, J. L.; Rourke, F. M. (1971). "Detection of Plutonium-244 in Nature". Nature. 234: 132–134. doi:10.1038/234132a0.
7. ↑ "WWW Table of Radioactive Isotopes".