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Species collectiva

Alchemilla vulgaris.

Species collectiva est categoria taxinomica gradus speciei.

Cum species animalium, plantarum, aliorumque organismorum vivorum perdiversae sint nec definitio speciei unica enuntiari possit,[1] in scientia biologica nonnumquam inter species nonnullae earum tamquam species collectivae distinguuntur. Haec categoria, ab Adolpho Engler excogitata, ad communiter tractandas aliquot species proximas difficilesque dignoscitu adhibetur,[2] quae species haud raro microspecies dicuntur.[3]

Aggregatio saepe quasi idem quod species collectiva habetur,[2] unde et post nomina specierum collectivarum abbreviatio ‘aggr.’ poni solet; nonnumquam autem aggregatio et species collectiva distinguuntur.[4] Alia nomina vernacularia ad speciem collectivam designandam sunt Theodisce Formenkreis et Artenkreis, Anglice vero coenospecies.[2] Linnaeon autem ab aggregatione distinguitur in eo quod tum divisibilis, tum indivisibilis sit.

Inter species collectivas plantarum angiospermarum Europae enumerari possunt Alchemilla vulgaris aggr., Rubus fruticosus aggr.,Taraxacum officinale aggr. et Ranunculus auricomus aggr., quae omnes e permultis microspeciebus consistunt.[5]

  1. ↑ Dubois, Alanus (2007) Species and “strange species” in zoology: Do we need a “unified concept of species”? Comptes Rendus Palevol 10 (2/3): 77-94.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Davis, P. H. & Heywood, V. H. (1963) Principles of angiosperm taxonomy. Edinburgi et Londini: Oliver & Boyd.
  3. ↑ Tyler T. (2006) Patterns of morphometric variation and a new supraspecific classification of apomictic taxa of Hieracium (Asteraceae) from Denmark and southern Sweden. Plant Systematic and Evolution, 261: 39–88.
  4. ↑ Halamski, A.T. (2024) Contribution à l’étude des renoncules tête d’or (Ranunculus auricomus aggr.) de la Poméranie polonaise. Trois espèces nouvelles des environs de Darłowo et Sławno. Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 93 (7–8): 169–205. ISSN 2554-5280.
  5. ↑ Müller, F., Ritz, Ch.M., Welk, E. & Wesche, K. (ed.), 2016. Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Ergänzungsband. Editio 11a. Berolini–Heidelbergae: Springer Spektrum. ISBN 978-3-8274-3131-8.

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