Masjid al-Aqsa

Al-Aqsa
Al-Haram al-Qudsi al-Syarif
Al-Aqsa; Al-Haram al-Qudsi al-Syarif
المسجد الأقصى; الحرم القدسي الشريف
	Pandangan atas kawasan masjid al-Aqsa
Info asas
Lokasi	Kota Lama Baitulmaqdis
Koordinat geografi	31°46′41″N 35°14′10″E / 31.778°N 35.236°EKoordinat: 31°46′41″N 35°14′10″E / 31.778°N 35.236°E
Agama	Islam
Negara	Negara Palestin
Pentadbiran	Jordan; Jabatan Wakaf dan Hal Ehwal Masjid Al-Aqsa Baitulmaqdis
Pemimpin	Imam Muhammad Ahmad Hussein
Penerangan seni bina
Jenis seni bina	Masjid
Gaya seni bina	Awal Islam, Mamluk
Arah muka bangunan	utara-barat laut
Spesifikasi
Arah bahagian hadapan bangunan	utara-barat laut
Kapasiti	c. 400,000 (anggaran)
Bil. kubah	dua buah besar + puluhan kecil
Bil. menara masjid	empat
Tinggi menara masjid	37 meter (121 ka) (tertinggi)
Bahan binaan	Batu kapur (dinding luar, menara, gerbang) stalaktit (menara), emas, plumbum dan batu (kubah), marmar putih (ruang dalam) dan mozek

Al-Aqsa (Arab: الأقصى, rumi: Al-Aqṣācode: ar is deprecated ) atau Masjid al-Aqsa (Arab: المسجد الأقصى, rumi: al-Masjid al-Aqṣācode: ar is deprecated )^[2] ialah sebuah kawasan bangunan-bangunan keagamaan Islam yang terletak di atas Bukit Kuil, juga dikenali sebagai Al-Haram al-Syarif (Arab: الحرم القدسي الشريف, lit. 'Perkarangan mulia yang suci'code: ar is deprecated ), dalam Kota Lama Baitulmaqdis, yang turut merangkumi Kubah al-Sakhrah, banyak masjid dan ruang sembahyang, madrasah, zawiyah, khalwah dan struktur keagamaan dan kubah yang lain, juga empat menara mengelilinginya. Masjid jamek atau ruang solat utama kawasan ini ialah Masjid al-Aqsa, yang turut dikenali sebagai Masjid al-Qibli atau al-Jāmiʿ al-Aqṣā. Sesetengah sumber menyebut ia dikenali sebagai Masjid al-Aqsa, manakala kawasan yang lebih luas kadang kala disebut sebagai kompleks Masjid al-Aqsa atau kawasan Masjid al-Aqsa bagi mengelakkan kekeliruan.^[3]

Semasa pemerintahan khalifah al-Rasyid, Umar bin Al-Khatab (634-644M) atau khalifah Umaiyah, Muawiyah (661-680M), sebuah dewan solat kecil dalam kawasan ini didirikan berhampiran tapak masjid. Masjid pada waktu kini, terletak di dinding selatan kawasan ini, pada asalnya dibina oleh khalifah Umaiyah ke-5, Abdul Malik (685-705M) atau penggantinya al-Walid I (705-715M) (atau kedua-duanya) sebagai sebuah masjid jamek selari dengan Kubah al-Sakhrah, sebuah binaan peringatan Islam. Selepas musnah akibat gempa bumi pada 746, masjid ini dibina semula pada 758 oleh khalifah Abbasiyah, al-Mansur. Ia kemudiannya dibesarkan pada 780 oleh khalifah Abbasiyah, al-Mahdi, yang kemudiannya mempunyai lima belas buah ruang sayap dan kubah utama. Walau bagaimanapun, ia sekali lagi musnah semasa gempa bumi Lembah Jordan 1033. Masjid ini dibina semula pada khalifah Fatimiyah, al-Zahir (1021–1036), yang mengurangkan kepada tujuh ruang sayap aisles tetapi menghiasi bahagian dalamannya dengan gerbang tengah yang rumit dilitupi mozek tumbuh-tumbuhan; struktur binaan yang dikekalkan kini.

Semasa zaman pengubahsuaiannya, pemerintah Islam yang mentadbir telah membina bahagian tambahan masjid ini, seperti kubah, menara, muka bangunan, mimbar dan binaan dalaman. Semasa penaklukan Tentera Salib pada 1099, masjid ini digunakan sebagai istana; juga sebagai pejabat utama pentadbir agama Kesateria Templar. Selepas kawasan ini dikuasai semula oleh Islam melalui Salahuddin Al-Ayubi pada 1187, fungsi bangunan ini sebagai masjid dikembalikan. Lebih banyak projek pengubahsuaian, pembaikan dan perluasan dilakukan pada abad seterusnya di bawah pemerintahan kesultanan Ayubiyah, kesultanan Mamluk, kesultanan Usmaniyah, Majlis Tertinggi Islam Palestin Bermandat, dan semasa pendudukan Jordan ke atas Tebing Barat. Sejak permulaan penjajahan Israel ke atas Tebing Barat, masjid ini kekal diletakkan di bawah pentadbiran bebas oleh Jabatan Wakaf dan Hal Ehwal Masjid Al-Aqsa Baitulmaqdis, di bawah Kementerian Wakaf, Hal Ehwal Islam dan Tempat Suci Kerajaan Jordan.^[4]

Al-Aqsa memegang kepentingan geopolitik yang tinggi disebabkan lokasinya di atas Bukit Kuil, berdekatan tempat suci dan bersejarah lain bagi Islam, Kristian dan Yahudi, dan menjadi titik ledakan utama konflik Israel–Palestin kini.^[5]

^ Al-Ratrout, H. A., The Architectural Development of Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Early Islamic Period, ALMI Press, London, 2004.
^ Williams, George (1849). The Holy City: Historical, Topographical and Antiquarian Notices of Jerusalem. Parker. m/s. 143–160. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023. Dicapai pada 22 June 2022. The following detailed account of the Haram es-Sherif, with some interesting notices of the City, is extracted from an Arabic work entitled " The Sublime Companion to the History of Jerusalem and Hebron, by Kadi Mejir-ed-din, Ebil-yemen Abd-er-Rahman, El-Alemi," who died A. H. 927, (A. d. 1521)… "I have at the commencement called attention to the fact that the place now called by the name Aksa (i. e. the most distant), is the Mosk [Jamia] properly so called, at the southern extremity of the area, where is the Minbar and the great Mihrab. But in fact Aksa is the name of the whole area enclosed within the walls, the dimensions of which I have just given, for the Mosk proper [Jamia], the Dome of the Rock, the Cloisters, and other buildings, are all of late construction, and Mesjid el-Aksa is the correct name of the whole area." and also von Hammer-Purgstall, J.F. (1811). "Chapitre vingtième. Description de la mosquée Mesdjid-ol-aksa, telle qu'elle est de nos jours, (du temps de l'auteur, au dixième siècle de l'Hégire, au seizième après J. C.)". Fundgruben des Orients (dalam bahasa Perancis). 2. Gedruckt bey A. Schmid. m/s. 93. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023. Dicapai pada 22 June 2022. Nous avons dès le commencement appelé l'attention sur que l'endroit, auquel les hommes donnent aujourd'hui le nom d'Aksa, c'est à-dire, la plus éloignée, est la mosquée proprement dite, bâtie à l'extrêmité méridionale de l'enceinte où se trouve la chaire et le grand autel. Mais en effet Aksa est le nom de l'enceinte entière, en tant qu'elle est enfermée de murs, dont nous venons de donner la longueur et la largeur, car la mosquée proprement dite, le dôme de la roche Sakhra, les portiques et les autres bâtimens, sont tous des constructions récentes, et Mesdjidol-aksa est le véritable nom de toute l'enceinte. (Le Mesdjid des arabes répond à l'ίερόν et le Djami au ναός des grecs.)
^
* Tucker, S.C.; Roberts, P. (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO history reference online. ABC-CLIO. m/s. 70. ISBN 978-1-85109-842-2. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023. Dicapai pada 19 June 2022. Al-Aqsa Mosque The al-Aqsa Mosque (literally, "farthest mosque") is both a building and a complex of religious buildings in Jerusalem. It is known to Muslims as al-Haram al-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary) and to Jews and Christians as the Har ha-Bayit or Temple Mount. The whole area of the Noble Sanctuary is considered by Muslims to be the al-Aqsa Mosque, and the entire precinct is inviolable according to Islamic law. It is considered specifically part of the waqf (endowment) land that had included the Western Wall (Wailing Wall), property of an Algerian family, and more generally a waqf of all of Islam. When viewed as a complex of buildings, the al-Aqsa Mosque is dominated and bounded by two major structures: the al-Aqsa Mosque building on the east and the Dome of the Rock (or the Mosque of Omar) on the west. The Dome of the Rock is the oldest holy building in Islam.
- "Jerusalem holy site clashes fuel fears of return to war". BBC News. 2022-04-22. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 May 2022. Dicapai pada 30 May 2022. Whole site also considered by Muslims as Al Aqsa Mosque
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2022-04-04). "39 COM 7A.27 - Decision". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 30 May 2022. Dicapai pada 2022-05-29. …the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside Al-Aqsa Mosque/ Al-Haram Al-Sharif, which is a Muslim holy site of worship and an integral part of a World Heritage Site
- The Survey of Western Palestine, Jerusalem, 1884, p.119: "The Jamia el Aksa, or 'distant mosque' (that is, distant from Mecca), is on the south, reaching to the outer wall. The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa, 'praying-place of the Aksa,' from this mosque."
- Yitzhak Reiter: "This article deals with the employment of religious symbols for national identities and national narratives by using the sacred compound in Jerusalem (The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa) as a case study. The narrative of The Holy Land involves three concentric circles, each encompassing the other, with each side having its own names for each circle. These are: Palestine/Eretz Israel (i.e., the Land of Israel); Jerusalem/al-Quds and finally The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa compound...Within the struggle over public awareness of Jerusalem's importance, one particular site is at the eye of the storm—the Temple Mount and its Western Wall—the Jewish Kotel—or, in Muslim terminology, the al-Aqsa compound (alternatively: al-Haram al-Sharif) including the al-Buraq Wall... "Al-Aqsa" for the Palestinian-Arab-Muslim side is not merely a mosque mentioned in the Quran within the context of the Prophet Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey to al-Aqsa which, according to tradition, concluded with his ascension to heaven (and prayer with all of the prophets and the Jewish and Christian religious figures who preceded him); rather, it also constitutes a unique symbol of identity, one around which various political objectives may be formulated, plans of action drawn up and masses mobilized for their realization", "Narratives of Jerusalem and its Sacred Compound" Diarkibkan 21 Mei 2022 di Wayback Machine, Israel Studies 18(2):115-132 (July 2013)
- Annika Björkdahl and Susanne Buckley-Zistel: "The site is known in Arabic as Haram al-Sharif – the Noble Sanctuary – and colloquially as the Haram or the al-Aqsa compound; while in Hebrew, it is called Har HaBeit – the Temple Mount." Annika Björkdahl; Susanne Buckley-Zistel (1 May 2016). Spatialising Peace and Conflict: Mapping the Production of Places, Sites and Scales of Violence. Palgrave Macmillan UK. m/s. 243–. ISBN 978-1-137-55048-4. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 May 2022. Dicapai pada 21 May 2022.
- Mahdi Abdul Hadi:"Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) - including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds - and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa's holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome)"Mahdi Abdul Hadi Diarkibkan 2020-02-16 di Wayback Machine Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs; Tim Marshall: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al-Aqsa [Brigades] flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown," he said. Tim Marshall (4 July 2017). A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols. Simon and Schuster. m/s. 151–. ISBN 978-1-5011-6833-8. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 September 2019. Dicapai pada 17 April 2018.*Hughes, Aaron W. (2014). Theorizing Islam: Disciplinary Deconstruction and Reconstruction. Religion in Culture. Taylor & Francis. m/s. 45. ISBN 978-1-317-54594-1. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023. Dicapai pada 24 June 2022. Although later commentators would debate whether or not this journey was a physical one or took place at an internal level, it would come to play a crucial role in establishing Muhammad's prophetic credentials. In the first part of this journey, referred to as the isra, he traveled from the Kaba in Mecca to "the farthest mosque" (al-masjid al-aqsa), identified with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem: the al-Aqsa mosque that stands there today eventually took its name from this larger precinct, in which it was constructed.*Sway, Mustafa A. (2015), "Al-Aqsa Mosque: Do Not Intrude!", Palestine - Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture, 20/21 (4): 108–113, ProQuest 1724483297, diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023, dicapai pada 28 July 2022 – melalui ProQuest, Ahmed ibn Hanbal (780–855): "Verily, 'Al-Aqsa' is a name for the whole mosque which is surrounded by the wall, the length and width of which are mentioned here, for the building that exists in the southern part of the Mosque, and the other ones such as the Dome of the Rock and the corridors and other [buildings] are novel (muhdatha)." Mustafa Sway: More than 500 years ago, when Mujir Al-Din Al-Hanbali offered the above definition of Al-Aqsa Mosque in the year 900 AH/1495, there were no conflicts, no occupation and no contesting narratives surrounding the site.*Omar, Abdallah Marouf (2017). "Al-Aqsa Mosque's Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence". Insight Turkey. 19 (3): 69–82. doi:10.25253/99.2017193.05. JSTOR 26300531. In a treaty signed by Jordan and the Palestinian Authority on March 31, 2013, both sides define al-Aqsa Mosque as being "al-Masjid al-Aqsa with its 144 dunums, which include the Qibli Mosque of al-Aqsa, the Mosque of the Dome of the Rock, and all its mosques, buildings, walls, courtyards". ... Israel insists on identifying al-Aqsa Mosque as being a small building. ... Nonetheless, the Executive Board of UNESCO adopted the Jordanian definition of al-Aqsa Mosque in its Resolution (199 EX/PX/DR.19.1 Rev).*"Occupied Palestine: draft decision (199 EX/PX/DR.19.1 REV), UNESCO Executive Board". UNESCO. 2016. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000244378.
^ "Arab states neglect Al-Aqsa says head of Jerusalem Waqf". Al-Monitor. 5 September 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 April 2016. Dicapai pada 5 April 2016.
^ The Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon's Temple to the Muslim Conquest Diarkibkan 15 Julai 2020 di Wayback Machine, Cambridge University Press, Jodi Magness, page 355

[AlRatrout-1] Al-Ratrout, H. A., The Architectural Development of Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Early Islamic Period, ALMI Press, London, 2004.

[MujiralDin-2] Williams, George (1849). The Holy City: Historical, Topographical and Antiquarian Notices of Jerusalem. Parker. m/s. 143–160. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023. Dicapai pada 22 June 2022. The following detailed account of the Haram es-Sherif, with some interesting notices of the City, is extracted from an Arabic work entitled " The Sublime Companion to the History of Jerusalem and Hebron, by Kadi Mejir-ed-din, Ebil-yemen Abd-er-Rahman, El-Alemi," who died A. H. 927, (A. d. 1521)… "I have at the commencement called attention to the fact that the place now called by the name Aksa (i. e. the most distant), is the Mosk [Jamia] properly so called, at the southern extremity of the area, where is the Minbar and the great Mihrab. But in fact Aksa is the name of the whole area enclosed within the walls, the dimensions of which I have just given, for the Mosk proper [Jamia], the Dome of the Rock, the Cloisters, and other buildings, are all of late construction, and Mesjid el-Aksa is the correct name of the whole area." and also von Hammer-Purgstall, J.F. (1811). "Chapitre vingtième. Description de la mosquée Mesdjid-ol-aksa, telle qu'elle est de nos jours, (du temps de l'auteur, au dixième siècle de l'Hégire, au seizième après J. C.)". Fundgruben des Orients (dalam bahasa Perancis). 2. Gedruckt bey A. Schmid. m/s. 93. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023. Dicapai pada 22 June 2022. Nous avons dès le commencement appelé l'attention sur que l'endroit, auquel les hommes donnent aujourd'hui le nom d'Aksa, c'est à-dire, la plus éloignée, est la mosquée proprement dite, bâtie à l'extrêmité méridionale de l'enceinte où se trouve la chaire et le grand autel. Mais en effet Aksa est le nom de l'enceinte entière, en tant qu'elle est enfermée de murs, dont nous venons de donner la longueur et la largeur, car la mosquée proprement dite, le dôme de la roche Sakhra, les portiques et les autres bâtimens, sont tous des constructions récentes, et Mesdjidol-aksa est le véritable nom de toute l'enceinte. (Le Mesdjid des arabes répond à l'ίερόν et le Djami au ναός des grecs.)

[3] * Tucker, S.C.; Roberts, P. (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO history reference online. ABC-CLIO. m/s. 70. ISBN 978-1-85109-842-2. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023. Dicapai pada 19 June 2022. Al-Aqsa Mosque The al-Aqsa Mosque (literally, "farthest mosque") is both a building and a complex of religious buildings in Jerusalem. It is known to Muslims as al-Haram al-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary) and to Jews and Christians as the Har ha-Bayit or Temple Mount. The whole area of the Noble Sanctuary is considered by Muslims to be the al-Aqsa Mosque, and the entire precinct is inviolable according to Islamic law. It is considered specifically part of the waqf (endowment) land that had included the Western Wall (Wailing Wall), property of an Algerian family, and more generally a waqf of all of Islam. When viewed as a complex of buildings, the al-Aqsa Mosque is dominated and bounded by two major structures: the al-Aqsa Mosque building on the east and the Dome of the Rock (or the Mosque of Omar) on the west. The Dome of the Rock is the oldest holy building in Islam.
"Jerusalem holy site clashes fuel fears of return to war". BBC News. 2022-04-22. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 May 2022. Dicapai pada 30 May 2022. Whole site also considered by Muslims as Al Aqsa Mosque

UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2022-04-04). "39 COM 7A.27 - Decision". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 30 May 2022. Dicapai pada 2022-05-29. …the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside Al-Aqsa Mosque/ Al-Haram Al-Sharif, which is a Muslim holy site of worship and an integral part of a World Heritage Site

The Survey of Western Palestine, Jerusalem, 1884, p.119: "The Jamia el Aksa, or 'distant mosque' (that is, distant from Mecca), is on the south, reaching to the outer wall. The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa, 'praying-place of the Aksa,' from this mosque."

Yitzhak Reiter: "This article deals with the employment of religious symbols for national identities and national narratives by using the sacred compound in Jerusalem (The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa) as a case study. The narrative of The Holy Land involves three concentric circles, each encompassing the other, with each side having its own names for each circle. These are: Palestine/Eretz Israel (i.e., the Land of Israel); Jerusalem/al-Quds and finally The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa compound...Within the struggle over public awareness of Jerusalem's importance, one particular site is at the eye of the storm—the Temple Mount and its Western Wall—the Jewish Kotel—or, in Muslim terminology, the al-Aqsa compound (alternatively: al-Haram al-Sharif) including the al-Buraq Wall... "Al-Aqsa" for the Palestinian-Arab-Muslim side is not merely a mosque mentioned in the Quran within the context of the Prophet Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey to al-Aqsa which, according to tradition, concluded with his ascension to heaven (and prayer with all of the prophets and the Jewish and Christian religious figures who preceded him); rather, it also constitutes a unique symbol of identity, one around which various political objectives may be formulated, plans of action drawn up and masses mobilized for their realization", "Narratives of Jerusalem and its Sacred Compound" Diarkibkan 21 Mei 2022 di Wayback Machine, Israel Studies 18(2):115-132 (July 2013)

Annika Björkdahl and Susanne Buckley-Zistel: "The site is known in Arabic as Haram al-Sharif – the Noble Sanctuary – and colloquially as the Haram or the al-Aqsa compound; while in Hebrew, it is called Har HaBeit – the Temple Mount." Annika Björkdahl; Susanne Buckley-Zistel (1 May 2016). Spatialising Peace and Conflict: Mapping the Production of Places, Sites and Scales of Violence. Palgrave Macmillan UK. m/s. 243–. ISBN 978-1-137-55048-4. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 May 2022. Dicapai pada 21 May 2022.

Mahdi Abdul Hadi:"Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) - including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds - and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa's holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome)"Mahdi Abdul Hadi Diarkibkan 2020-02-16 di Wayback Machine Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs; Tim Marshall: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al-Aqsa [Brigades] flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown," he said. Tim Marshall (4 July 2017). A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols. Simon and Schuster. m/s. 151–. ISBN 978-1-5011-6833-8. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 September 2019. Dicapai pada 17 April 2018.*Hughes, Aaron W. (2014). Theorizing Islam: Disciplinary Deconstruction and Reconstruction. Religion in Culture. Taylor & Francis. m/s. 45. ISBN 978-1-317-54594-1. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023. Dicapai pada 24 June 2022. Although later commentators would debate whether or not this journey was a physical one or took place at an internal level, it would come to play a crucial role in establishing Muhammad's prophetic credentials. In the first part of this journey, referred to as the isra, he traveled from the Kaba in Mecca to "the farthest mosque" (al-masjid al-aqsa), identified with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem: the al-Aqsa mosque that stands there today eventually took its name from this larger precinct, in which it was constructed.*Sway, Mustafa A. (2015), "Al-Aqsa Mosque: Do Not Intrude!", Palestine - Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture, 20/21 (4): 108–113, ProQuest 1724483297, diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023, dicapai pada 28 July 2022 – melalui ProQuest, Ahmed ibn Hanbal (780–855): "Verily, 'Al-Aqsa' is a name for the whole mosque which is surrounded by the wall, the length and width of which are mentioned here, for the building that exists in the southern part of the Mosque, and the other ones such as the Dome of the Rock and the corridors and other [buildings] are novel (muhdatha)." Mustafa Sway: More than 500 years ago, when Mujir Al-Din Al-Hanbali offered the above definition of Al-Aqsa Mosque in the year 900 AH/1495, there were no conflicts, no occupation and no contesting narratives surrounding the site.*Omar, Abdallah Marouf (2017). "Al-Aqsa Mosque's Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence". Insight Turkey. 19 (3): 69–82. doi:10.25253/99.2017193.05. JSTOR 26300531. In a treaty signed by Jordan and the Palestinian Authority on March 31, 2013, both sides define al-Aqsa Mosque as being "al-Masjid al-Aqsa with its 144 dunums, which include the Qibli Mosque of al-Aqsa, the Mosque of the Dome of the Rock, and all its mosques, buildings, walls, courtyards". ... Israel insists on identifying al-Aqsa Mosque as being a small building. ... Nonetheless, the Executive Board of UNESCO adopted the Jordanian definition of al-Aqsa Mosque in its Resolution (199 EX/PX/DR.19.1 Rev).*"Occupied Palestine: draft decision (199 EX/PX/DR.19.1 REV), UNESCO Executive Board". UNESCO. 2016. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000244378.

[4] "Jerusalem holy site clashes fuel fears of return to war". BBC News. 2022-04-22. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 May 2022. Dicapai pada 30 May 2022. Whole site also considered by Muslims as Al Aqsa Mosque

[5] UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2022-04-04). "39 COM 7A.27 - Decision". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 30 May 2022. Dicapai pada 2022-05-29. …the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside Al-Aqsa Mosque/ Al-Haram Al-Sharif, which is a Muslim holy site of worship and an integral part of a World Heritage Site

[6] The Survey of Western Palestine, Jerusalem, 1884, p.119: "The Jamia el Aksa, or 'distant mosque' (that is, distant from Mecca), is on the south, reaching to the outer wall. The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa, 'praying-place of the Aksa,' from this mosque."

[7] Yitzhak Reiter: "This article deals with the employment of religious symbols for national identities and national narratives by using the sacred compound in Jerusalem (The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa) as a case study. The narrative of The Holy Land involves three concentric circles, each encompassing the other, with each side having its own names for each circle. These are: Palestine/Eretz Israel (i.e., the Land of Israel); Jerusalem/al-Quds and finally The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa compound...Within the struggle over public awareness of Jerusalem's importance, one particular site is at the eye of the storm—the Temple Mount and its Western Wall—the Jewish Kotel—or, in Muslim terminology, the al-Aqsa compound (alternatively: al-Haram al-Sharif) including the al-Buraq Wall... "Al-Aqsa" for the Palestinian-Arab-Muslim side is not merely a mosque mentioned in the Quran within the context of the Prophet Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey to al-Aqsa which, according to tradition, concluded with his ascension to heaven (and prayer with all of the prophets and the Jewish and Christian religious figures who preceded him); rather, it also constitutes a unique symbol of identity, one around which various political objectives may be formulated, plans of action drawn up and masses mobilized for their realization", "Narratives of Jerusalem and its Sacred Compound" Diarkibkan 21 Mei 2022 di Wayback Machine, Israel Studies 18(2):115-132 (July 2013)

[8] Annika Björkdahl and Susanne Buckley-Zistel: "The site is known in Arabic as Haram al-Sharif – the Noble Sanctuary – and colloquially as the Haram or the al-Aqsa compound; while in Hebrew, it is called Har HaBeit – the Temple Mount." Annika Björkdahl; Susanne Buckley-Zistel (1 May 2016). Spatialising Peace and Conflict: Mapping the Production of Places, Sites and Scales of Violence. Palgrave Macmillan UK. m/s. 243–. ISBN 978-1-137-55048-4. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 May 2022. Dicapai pada 21 May 2022.

[9] Mahdi Abdul Hadi:"Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) - including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds - and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa's holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome)"Mahdi Abdul Hadi Diarkibkan 2020-02-16 di Wayback Machine Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs; Tim Marshall: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al-Aqsa [Brigades] flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown," he said. Tim Marshall (4 July 2017). A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols. Simon and Schuster. m/s. 151–. ISBN 978-1-5011-6833-8. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 September 2019. Dicapai pada 17 April 2018.*Hughes, Aaron W. (2014). Theorizing Islam: Disciplinary Deconstruction and Reconstruction. Religion in Culture. Taylor & Francis. m/s. 45. ISBN 978-1-317-54594-1. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023. Dicapai pada 24 June 2022. Although later commentators would debate whether or not this journey was a physical one or took place at an internal level, it would come to play a crucial role in establishing Muhammad's prophetic credentials. In the first part of this journey, referred to as the isra, he traveled from the Kaba in Mecca to "the farthest mosque" (al-masjid al-aqsa), identified with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem: the al-Aqsa mosque that stands there today eventually took its name from this larger precinct, in which it was constructed.*Sway, Mustafa A. (2015), "Al-Aqsa Mosque: Do Not Intrude!", Palestine - Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture, 20/21 (4): 108–113, ProQuest 1724483297, diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 July 2023, dicapai pada 28 July 2022 – melalui ProQuest, Ahmed ibn Hanbal (780–855): "Verily, 'Al-Aqsa' is a name for the whole mosque which is surrounded by the wall, the length and width of which are mentioned here, for the building that exists in the southern part of the Mosque, and the other ones such as the Dome of the Rock and the corridors and other [buildings] are novel (muhdatha)." Mustafa Sway: More than 500 years ago, when Mujir Al-Din Al-Hanbali offered the above definition of Al-Aqsa Mosque in the year 900 AH/1495, there were no conflicts, no occupation and no contesting narratives surrounding the site.*Omar, Abdallah Marouf (2017). "Al-Aqsa Mosque's Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence". Insight Turkey. 19 (3): 69–82. doi:10.25253/99.2017193.05. JSTOR 26300531. In a treaty signed by Jordan and the Palestinian Authority on March 31, 2013, both sides define al-Aqsa Mosque as being "al-Masjid al-Aqsa with its 144 dunums, which include the Qibli Mosque of al-Aqsa, the Mosque of the Dome of the Rock, and all its mosques, buildings, walls, courtyards". ... Israel insists on identifying al-Aqsa Mosque as being a small building. ... Nonetheless, the Executive Board of UNESCO adopted the Jordanian definition of al-Aqsa Mosque in its Resolution (199 EX/PX/DR.19.1 Rev).*"Occupied Palestine: draft decision (199 EX/PX/DR.19.1 REV), UNESCO Executive Board". UNESCO. 2016. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000244378.

[4] "Arab states neglect Al-Aqsa says head of Jerusalem Waqf". Al-Monitor. 5 September 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 April 2016. Dicapai pada 5 April 2016.

[5] The Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon's Temple to the Muslim Conquest Diarkibkan 15 Julai 2020 di Wayback Machine, Cambridge University Press, Jodi Magness, page 355

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Al-Aqsa Al-Haram al-Qudsi al-Syarif
المسجد الأقصى الحرم القدسي الشريف
Pandangan atas kawasan masjid al-Aqsa
Info asas
Lokasi	Kota Lama Baitulmaqdis
Koordinat geografi	31°46′41″N 35°14′10″E / 31.778°N 35.236°E / 31.778; 35.236Koordinat: 31°46′41″N 35°14′10″E / 31.778°N 35.236°E / 31.778; 35.236
Agama	Islam
Negara	Negara Palestin
Pentadbiran	Jordan Jabatan Wakaf dan Hal Ehwal Masjid Al-Aqsa Baitulmaqdis
Pemimpin	Imam Muhammad Ahmad Hussein
Penerangan seni bina
Jenis seni bina	Masjid
Gaya seni bina	Awal Islam, Mamluk
Arah muka bangunan	utara-barat laut
Spesifikasi
Arah bahagian hadapan bangunan	utara-barat laut
Kapasiti	c. 400,000 (anggaran)
Bil. kubah	dua buah besar + puluhan kecil
Bil. menara masjid	empat
Tinggi menara masjid	37 meter (121 ka) (tertinggi)
Bahan binaan	Batu kapur (dinding luar, menara, gerbang) stalaktit (menara), emas, plumbum dan batu (kubah), marmar putih (ruang dalam) dan mozek^[1]