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Taliban

Bendera Taliban
Taliban
طالبان (Pashto)
Pihak bersengketa dalam
Flag of Taliban.svg|border
Bendera Taliban
Aktif
Ideologi * Fundamentalisme Islam[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Puak/kaum Utamanya Pashtun;[14][15] beberapa dari Tajik di utara Afghanistan[16]
Pemimpin
Ibu pejabat Kandahar, Afghanistan (1994–2001)
Kawasan of
operasi
  Di bawah kawalan Pergerakan Afghan, NATO, dan Sekutu
  Under control of the Taliban, Al-Qaeda, and Allies
  Under control of the Islamic State (ISIL) and Allies
Sekutu Negara bersekutu

Sekutu bukan negara

Opponents State opponents
Non-state opponents
Perang/pertempuran * Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)

Taliban (Pashto: طالبان, rumi: ṭālibān, lit. 'siswa') atau 'pencari'[45]), yang merujuk kepada diri mereka sebagai Emiriah Afghanistan (IEA),[46] ialah sebuah organisasi ketenteraan gerakan Islam Deobandi di Afghanistan, yang kini berperang ( jihad) di dalam negara Afghanistan.[47][48][49] Sejak 2016, pemimpin Taliban adalah Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada.[50][51][52]

Taliban dahulu dikenali sebagai organisasi ketenteraan terrorisme pengganas Afghanistan. Taliban pernah memerintah sebahagian besar Afghanistan dari 1996 sehingga 2001, pentadbiran mereka telah dikutuk di peringkat antarabangsa atas perlakuan kejam terhadap rakyat Afghanistan, terutama wanita.

  1. ^ Whine, Michael (1 September 2001). "Islamism and Totalitarianism: Similarities and Differences". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 2 (2): 54–72. doi:10.1080/714005450. S2CID 146940668.
  2. ^ Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001
  3. ^ a b Maley, William (2001). Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban. C Hurst & Co. m/s. 14. ISBN 978-1-85065-360-8.
  4. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Stanford
  5. ^ Ogata, Sadako N. (2005). The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s. W. W. Norton & Company. m/s. 286. ISBN 978-0-393-05773-7.
  6. ^ McNamara, Melissa (31 August 2006). "The Taliban In Afghanistan". CBS. Dicapai pada 5 June 2016.
  7. ^ a b "Did you know that there are two different Taliban groups?". www.digitaljournal.com. 1 April 2013.
  8. ^ Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001
  9. ^ "Taliban - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com.
  10. ^ "Afghan Taliban". National Counterterrorism Center. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 May 2015. Dicapai pada 7 April 2015.
  11. ^ Rashid, Taliban (2000)
  12. ^ "Why are Customary Pashtun Laws and Ethics Causes for Concern? | Center for Strategic and International Studies". Csis.org. 19 October 2010. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 November 2010. Dicapai pada 18 August 2014.
  13. ^ "Understanding taliban through the prism of Pashtunwali code". CF2R. 30 November 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 August 2014. Dicapai pada 18 August 2014.
  14. ^ Giustozzi, Antonio (2009). Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field. Columbia University Press. m/s. 249. ISBN 978-0-231-70112-9.
  15. ^ Clements, Frank A. (2003). Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict). ABC-CLIO. m/s. 219. ISBN 978-1-85109-402-8.
  16. ^ "The Non-Pashtun Taleban of the North: A case study from Badakhshan – Afghanistan Analysts Network". www.Afghanistan-Analysts.org. 3 January 2017. Dicapai pada 21 January 2018.
  17. ^ "The Taliban – Mapping Militant Organizations". web.stanford.edu. Dicapai pada 20 February 2019.
  18. ^ "Taliban Leader Feared Pakistan Before He Was Killed". New York Times. 9 August 2017.
  19. ^ "Qatar's Dirty Hands". National Review. 3 August 2017.
  20. ^ "Saudi has evidence Qatar supports Taliban: Envoy". Pajhwok Afghan News. 7 August 2017.
  21. ^ a b "Why did Saudi Arabia and Qatar, allies of the US, continue to fund the Taliban after the 2001 war?". scroll.in. Dicapai pada 19 April 2018.
  22. ^ "Iranian Support for Taliban Alarms Afghan Officials". Middle East Institute. 9 January 2017. Both Tehran and the Taliban denied cooperation during the first decade after the US intervention, but the unholy alliance is no longer a secret and the two sides now unapologetically admit and publicize it.
  23. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama mansouriran
  24. ^ "Iran Backs Taliban With Cash and Arms". The Wall Street Journal. 11 June 2015. Dicapai pada 13 June 2015.
  25. ^ Small, Andrew (23 August 2015). "China's Man in the Taliban". Foreign Policy Argument. Dicapai pada 26 July 2019.
  26. ^ Danahar, Paul (3 September 2007). "Taleban 'getting Chinese arms'". BBC. Dicapai pada 26 July 2019.
  27. ^ "Is Russia arming the Afghan Taliban?". BBC News. April 2018.
  28. ^ Diplomat, Samuel Ramani, The. "What's Behind Saudi Arabia's Turn Away From the Taliban?". The Diplomat.
  29. ^ Shehzad, Mohammad (10 March 2006). "Why is the Pakistan army scared of this man?". in.rediff.com. rediff. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 December 2007. Dicapai pada 14 December 2020. Baitullah was appointed as Mullah Omar's governor of the Mehsud tribe in a special ceremony attended by five leading Taliban commanders
  30. ^ Gall, Carlotta (26 March 2009). "Pakistan and Afghan Taliban Close Ranks". The New York Times. Islamabad, Pakistan. Dicapai pada 14 December 2020. The Afghan Taliban delegation urged the Pakistani Taliban leaders to settle their internal differences, scale down their activities in Pakistan and help counter the planned increase of American forces in Afghanistan, the fighters said.
  31. ^ Zahid, Farhan (15 April 2019). "Profile of New TTP Chief Mufti Noor Wali Mehsud: Challenges and Implications" (PDF). pakpips.com. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pak Institute for Peace Studies. m/s. 4. Dicapai pada 14 December 2020. According to Mehsud, the real jihad is against US forces in occupied Afghanistan to restore the Islamic Emirate while using tribal areas of Pakistan as base of operations and safe haven for both Taliban and Al-Qaeda. He further explains the goals and aims of the jihadi movement as: maintaining the independent status for Mehsud tribe, defeating the US in Afghanistan, establishing caliphate in Afghanistan
  32. ^ "Afghan militant fighters 'may join Islamic State'". BBC News. 2 September 2014. Dicapai pada 3 March 2017.
  33. ^ "Afghanistan: Ghani, Hekmatyar sign peace deal". Al Jazeera. 29 September 2016.
  34. ^ "Why Central Asian states want peace with the Taliban". DW News. 27 March 2018. "Taliban have assured Russia and Central Asian countries that it would not allow any group, including the IMU, to use Afghan soil against any foreign state," Muzhdah said.
  35. ^ Roggio, Bill; Weiss, Caleb (14 June 2016). "Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan faction emerges after group's collapse". Long War Journal. Dicapai pada 6 August 2017.
  36. ^ "Rare look at Afghan National Army's Taliban fight". BBC News. Dicapai pada 18 August 2014.
  37. ^ "Taliban attack NATO base in Afghanistan – Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera English. Dicapai pada 18 August 2014.
  38. ^ "ISIS reportedly moves into Afghanistan, is even fighting Taliban". 12 January 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 February 2015. Dicapai pada 27 March 2015.
  39. ^ "ISIS, Taliban announced Jihad against each other". Khaama Press. 20 April 2015. Dicapai pada 23 April 2015.
  40. ^ "Taliban leader: allegiance to ISIS 'haram'". Rudaw. 13 April 2015. Dicapai pada 23 April 2015.
  41. ^ "Taliban say gap narrowing in talks with US over Afghanistan troop withdrawal". Military Times. 5 May 2019.
  42. ^ a b "Afghanistan's warlord vice-president spoiling for a fight with the Taliban". The Guardian. 4 August 2015.
  43. ^ Ibrahimi, Niamatullah. 2009. "Divide and Rule: State Penetration in Hazarajat (Afghanistan) from Monarchy to the Taliban", Crisis States Working Papers (Series 2) 42, London: Crisis States Research Centre, LSE
  44. ^ Jonson, Lena (25 August 2006). Tajikistan in the New Central Asia. ISBN 9781845112936. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 January 2016. Dicapai pada 17 December 2014.
  45. ^ "Definition of TALIBAN". www.merriam-webster.com (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2021-07-08.
  46. ^ Post, The Jakarta. "US welcomes Qatar decision on Taliban name change". The Jakarta Post (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 7 February 2017.
  47. ^ "Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban" (PDF). Globalsecurity.org.
  48. ^ Rubin, Barnett. article. published by the Center on International Cooperation 2 November 2015 (originally published within Al Jazeera). Dicapai pada 11 November 2015.("...The Taliban ... have repeatedly said that their jihad is limited to their own country...")
  49. ^ J. Eggers – [1] published by RAND Corporation [Retrieved 11 November 2015]
  50. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Akhundzada
  51. ^ "U.S., Gulf States Blacklist Afghan Taliban, Iranian Officers For Terrorist Financing". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty.
  52. ^ "Quetta: Symbol of Pakistan's war on militants or Taliban haven?". The National. 2 April 2017.

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