Ubat antivirus

Ubat antivirus atau ubat antiviral ialah kelas ubat yang digunakan khusus untuk merawat jangkitan virus dan bukannya bakteria.^[1] Kebanyakan antiviral digunakan untuk jangkitan virus tertentu, sementara antiviral spektrum luas berkesan terhadap pelbagai jenis virus.^[2] Tidak seperti kebanyakan antibiotik, ubat antivirus tidak memusnahkan patogen sasaran mereka; sebaliknya mereka menghalang perkembangan mereka.

Ubat antiviral adalah satu kelas antimikroba, kumpulan yang lebih besar yang juga termasuk antibiotik (juga dikenali sebagai antibakteria), antikulat dan antiparasit,^[3] atau ubat antiviral berdasarkan antibodi monoklonal.^[4] Kebanyakan antivirals dianggap tidak berbahaya kepada hos, dan oleh itu boleh digunakan untuk merawat jangkitan. Mereka harus dibezakan daripada viricides, yang bukan ubat tetapi tidak mematikan atau memusnahkan zarah virus, sama ada di dalam atau di luar badan. Antiviral semulajadi dihasilkan oleh beberapa tumbuh-tumbuhan seperti eukaliptus.^[5]

^ "Medmicro Chapter 52". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 August 2000. Dicapai pada 21 February 2009.
^ Rossignol JF (2014). "Nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent". Antiviral Res. 110: 94–103. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.07.014. PMID 25108173. Originally developed and commercialized as an antiprotozoal agent, nitazoxanide was later identified as a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral drug and has been repurposed for the treatment of influenza. ... From a chemical perspective, nitazoxanide is the scaffold for a new class of drugs called thiazolides. These small-molecule drugs target host-regulated processes involved in viral replication. ... A new dosage formulation of nitazoxanide is presently undergoing global Phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of influenza. Nitazoxanide inhibits a broad range of influenza A and B viruses including influenza A(pH1N1) and the avian A(H7N9) as well as viruses that are resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors. ... Nitazoxanide also inhibits the replication of a broad range of other RNA and DNA viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, coronavirus, rotavirus, norovirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis virus and human immunodeficiency virus in cell culture assays. Clinical trials have indicated a potential role for thiazolides in treating rotavirus and norovirus gastroenteritis and chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C. Ongoing and future clinical development is focused on viral respiratory infections, viral gastroenteritis and emerging infections such as dengue fever.
^ Rick Daniels; Leslie H. Nicoll. "Pharmacology - Nursing Management". Contemporary Medical-Surgical Nursing. Cengage Learning, 2011. m/s. 397.
^ Kisung Ko, Yoram Tekoah, Pauline M. Rudd, David J. Harvey, Raymond A. Dwek, Sergei Spitsin, Cathleen A. Hanlon, Charles Rupprecht, Bernhard Dietzschold, Maxim Golovkin, and Hilary Koprowski (2003). "Function and glycosylation of plant-derived antiviral monoclonal antibody". PNAS. 100: 8013–8018. doi:10.1073/pnas.0832472100. PMC 164704.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ Schnitzler, P; Schön, K; Reichling, J (2001). "Antiviral activity of Australian tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil against herpes simplex virus in cell culture". Die Pharmazie. 56 (4): 343–7. PMID 11338678.

[urlMedmicro_Chapter_52-1] "Medmicro Chapter 52". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 August 2000. Dicapai pada 21 February 2009.

[Broad-spectrum_antiviral_review-2] Rossignol JF (2014). "Nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent". Antiviral Res. 110: 94–103. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.07.014. PMID 25108173. Originally developed and commercialized as an antiprotozoal agent, nitazoxanide was later identified as a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral drug and has been repurposed for the treatment of influenza. ... From a chemical perspective, nitazoxanide is the scaffold for a new class of drugs called thiazolides. These small-molecule drugs target host-regulated processes involved in viral replication. ... A new dosage formulation of nitazoxanide is presently undergoing global Phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of influenza. Nitazoxanide inhibits a broad range of influenza A and B viruses including influenza A(pH1N1) and the avian A(H7N9) as well as viruses that are resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors. ... Nitazoxanide also inhibits the replication of a broad range of other RNA and DNA viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, coronavirus, rotavirus, norovirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis virus and human immunodeficiency virus in cell culture assays. Clinical trials have indicated a potential role for thiazolides in treating rotavirus and norovirus gastroenteritis and chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C. Ongoing and future clinical development is focused on viral respiratory infections, viral gastroenteritis and emerging infections such as dengue fever.

[3] Rick Daniels; Leslie H. Nicoll. "Pharmacology - Nursing Management". Contemporary Medical-Surgical Nursing. Cengage Learning, 2011. m/s. 397.

[4] Kisung Ko, Yoram Tekoah, Pauline M. Rudd, David J. Harvey, Raymond A. Dwek, Sergei Spitsin, Cathleen A. Hanlon, Charles Rupprecht, Bernhard Dietzschold, Maxim Golovkin, and Hilary Koprowski (2003). "Function and glycosylation of plant-derived antiviral monoclonal antibody". PNAS. 100: 8013–8018. doi:10.1073/pnas.0832472100. PMC 164704.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[5] Schnitzler, P; Schön, K; Reichling, J (2001). "Antiviral activity of Australian tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil against herpes simplex virus in cell culture". Die Pharmazie. 56 (4): 343–7. PMID 11338678.

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