Roman Empire

Roman Empire Imperium Romanum  (Laitin) Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) Roman Senate an Fowk[n 1] Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων (Ancient Greek) Basileía Rhōmaíōn
27  BC  – 395  AD 395 – 480 (Wastren) 395 – 1453 (Eastren)
Vexilloid Aureus o Augustus
The Roman Empire in 117 AD, at its greatest extent at the time o Trajan's daith (its vassals in pink).[1]
Caipital	Roum (27 BC – AD 410) Mediolanum (286–402, Wastren) Augusta Treverorum Sirmium Ravenna (402–476, Wastren) Nicomedia (286–330, Eastren) Constantinople (330–1453, Eastren) Syracuse (663–669, Eastren)
Common leids	Laitin (offeecial till 610) Greek (offeecial efter 610) Regional / local leids
Releegion	Afore AD 380: Imperial cult-driven polytheism Frae AD 380: Christianity
Govrenment	Mixed, functionally absolute monarchy
Emperor
• 27  BC  – AD 14	Augustus (first)
• 98–117	Trajan
• 284–305	Diocletian
• 306–337	Constantine I
• 379–395	Theodosius I[n 2]
• 474–480	Julius Nepos[n 3]
• 527–565	Justinian I
• 976–1025	Basil II
• 1449–1453	Constantine XI[n 4]
Legislatur	Senate
Historical era	Clessical era tae Late Middle Ages
• Final War o the Roman Republic	32–30 BC
• Empire established	30–2 BC
• Constantinople becomes capital	330
• Final East Wast divide	395
• Faw o the Wastren Roman Empire	476
• Fowert Crusade	1202–1204
• Reconquest o Constantinople	1261
• Faw o Constantinople	29 May 1453
Aurie
25 BC[2][3]	2,750,000 km2 (1,060,000 sq mi)
AD 117[2][4]	5,000,000 km2 (1,900,000 sq mi)
AD 390[2]	4,400,000 km2 (1,700,000 sq mi)
Population
• 25 BC[2][3]	56800000
Currency	Sestertius,[n 5] Aureus, Solidus, Nomisma
Precedit bi Succeedit bi Roman Republic Wastren Roman Empire Eastren Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (or Impire) wis a gey muckle empire wi its caipital in Roum, ringed ower bi an emperor. The first emperor o Rome wis Octavian, efter cried Augustus, frae the year 27 BC. Afore that, Rome haed been a republic ringed ower bi a cooncil cried the "Senate".

The Roman Empire wis maist muckle whan ringed ower bi Trajan ben the year 117. Efter him, Hadrian shapit it less muckle, an shapit Hadrian's waw ben the nor o Ingland.

Mony modren kintras are on land that wis aince pairt o the Roman Empire, includin Ingland, Spain, Portugal, Fraunce, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Germany, Egyp, an the north coast o Africae. The leid o the Roman Empire wis Laitin. The wastren pairt o the Roman Empire conteena'd for nearhaund 1000 year, an the eastren pairt, includin Greece an Turkey, conteena'd for aboot a thoosand year mair. The eastren pairt wis cried the Byzantine Empire - fer the auld name o the kintra - wi a caipital at Constantinople.
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1. ↑ Bennett, Julian (1997). Trajan: Optimus Princeps : a Life and Times. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16524-2.. Fig. 1. Regions east o the Euphrates river war held anerly in the years 116–117.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D". Social Science History. Duke University Press. 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.
3. ↑ Durand, John D. (1977). "Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation". Population and Development Review. 3 (3): 253. doi:10.2307/1971891. JSTOR 1971891.
4. ↑ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires" (PDF). Journal of world-systems research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 17 Mey 2016. Retrieved 6 Februar 2016.