Sasanian Empire

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Sasanian Empire Ērānshahr[1][2]
224–651
Derafsh Kaviani Simurgh
The Sasanian Empire at its greatest extent, unner Khosrau II
Caipital	Estakhr (224–226)[3] Ctesiphon (226–637)
Common leids	Middle Persie[4] Middle Aramaic[5]
Releegion	Zoroastrianism, ( Babylonian, Manichaeism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Mandaeism, Judaism an aa)
Govrenment	Feudal Monarchy[6]
Shahanshah
• 224–241	Ardashir I (first)
• 632–651	Yazdegerd III (last)
Historical era	Late Antiquity
• Battle o Hormozdgān	28 April 224
• Roman–Persie War	602–628
• Ceevil war[7]	628-632
• Muslim conquest	633–651
• Empire collapses	651
Aurie
621	6,600,000 km2 (2,500,000 sq mi)
Precedit bi Succeedit bi Parthian Empire Indo-Scythians Kushan Empire Kinrick o Armenie (antiquity) Lakhmids Rashidun Caliphate Dabuyid dynasty Masmughans o Damavand Bavand dynasty
The day pairt o	Abkhazie  Afghanistan  Armenie  Azerbaijan  Bahrain[8]  Dagestan  Egyp  Georgie  Iran  Iraq  Indie  Israel  Palestine  Jordan  Kazakhstan  Kuwait  Kyrgyzstan  Lebanon  Libie  Nagorno-Karabakh  Oman  Pakistan State o Palestine  Qatar  Saudi Arabie  Sooth Ossetie  Sirie  Tajikistan  Turkey  Turkmenistan  UAE  Uzbekistan  Yemen

The Sasanian Empire (/səˈsɑːnɪən/ or /səˈseɪnɪən/; cried Sassanian, Sasanid, or Sassanid an aa) or Neo-Persian Empire,^[9] kent tae its indwallers as Ērānshahr^[1] an Ērān in Middle Persie an resultin in the New Persie terms Iranshahr an Iran,^[10] wis the last Iranian empire afore the rise o Islam, ruled bi the Sasanian dynasty frae 224 CE tae 651 CE.^[2][11] The Sassanid Empire, which succeedit the Parthian Empire, wis recognised as ane o the main pouers in Wastren an Central Asie, alangside the Roman–Byzantine Empire, for a period o mair nor 400 year.^[12]

1. ↑ ^{a b} Book Pahlavi spelling: , Inscriptional Pahlavi spelling: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩
2. ↑ ^{a b} (Wiesehofer 1996)
3. ↑ "CTESIPHON – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
4. ↑ Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Vol.1, Ed. Jamie Stokes, (Infobase Publishing, 2009), 601.
5. ↑ Chyet, Michael L. (1997). Afsaruddin, Asma; Krotkoff, Georg; Zahniser, A. H. Mathias (eds.). Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Studies in Honor of Georg Krotkoff. Eisenbrauns. p. 284. ISBN 9781575060200. In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sassanid Empires), Aramaic was the medium of everyday writing, and it provided scripts for writing Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, and Khwarezmian.
6. ↑ http://books.google.dk/books?id=sP_hVmik-QYC&pg=PA179&dq=encyclopedia+islam+khusraw&hl=da&sa=X&ei=B-LGUsf8DYnR4QT-loGgBg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=encyclopedia%20islam%20khusraw&f=false
7. ↑ Parvaneh Pourshariati, Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran, I.B. Tauris, 2008. (p. 4)
8. ↑ Security and Territoriality in the Persian Gulf: A Maritime Political Geography by Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh, page 119
9. ↑ Fattah, Hala Mundhir (2009). A Brief History Of Iraq. Infobase Publishing. p. 49. ISBN 9780816057672. Historians have also referred to the Sassanian Empire as the Neo-Persian Empire.
10. ↑ MacKenzie, D. N. (2005), A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary, London & New York: Routledge Curzon, p. 120, ISBN 0-19-713559-5
11. ↑ "A Brief History". Culture of Iran. Archived frae the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 11 September 2009."Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 13 Januar 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
12. ↑ (Shapur Shahbazi 2005)