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Jehovini svjedoci

Jehovini svjedoci
Zgrada Kule stražari u Warwick
Klasifikacija milenarijanska, restoracionistička
Orijentacija kršćanska
Geografsko područje svijet
Osnivač Charles Taze Russell (osnovao Pokret proučavatelja Biblije)
Osnivanje 1876: Proučavatelji Biblije
1931: ime Jehovini svjedoci
Pennsylvania i Država New York, SAD
Odvojila se od Pokret proučavatelja Biblije
Kongregacije 119.712
Članova 8,7 mil.
Službeni website http://www.jw.org
Statistike prema Izveštaj za 2019

Jehovini svedoci ili Jehovni svjedoci su milenaristička restoracionistička hrišćanska denominacija sa nontrinitarijanskim uverenjima koja je razlikuju od većine drugih hrišćanskih zajednica.[1] Prema navodima same organizacije broji preko 8,3 miliona sledbenika aktivno uključenih u evangelizaciju,[2] preko 12 miliona članova koji redovno dolaze na godišnje konvencije, te preko 20,08 miliona članova koji proslavljaju Memorijal.[3][4] Njima upravlja Vladajuće telo Jehovnih svedoka, koje čine starešine sa sedištem u Bruklinu, a koje propisuje sve doktrine.[5][6][7] Verovanja Jehovinih svedoka se temelje na njihovom tumačenju Biblije[8][9] pri čemu prednost daju sopstvenom prevodu Novi svet - prevod Svetog pisma.[10][11][12][13] Veruju kako je uništenje sadašnjeg sveta u Armagedonu skoro, te da je uspostavljanje Božjeg kraljevstva na zemlji jedino rešenje za sve probleme čovečanstva.[14]

Grupa je nastala od pokreta Proučavatelja Biblije—osnovanog krajem 1870-ih od Čarlsa Tejza Rasela kao Društvo Zionove kule stražare—a značajne organizacijske i doktrinarne promene su se dogodile pod vodstvom Džozefa Frenklina Raderforda.[15][16] Naziv Jehovini svedoci, temeljen na Izaiji 43:10–12,[17] je uvedeno godine 1931. kako bi se razlikovali od drugih grupa Proučavatelja Biblije te simbolizovalo raskida sa Raselovim tradicijama.

Jehovini svedoci su najpoznatiji po svom propovedanju od vrata do vrata, distribuciji literature kao što su Stražarska kula i Probudite se!, te odbijanju vojne službe i transfuzija krvi. Ime Jehova smatraju nužnim za ispravno ispovedanje vere. Odbacuju Trojstvo, temeljnu besmrtnost duše, i paklene muke, koje smatraju vanbiblijskim konceptima. Ne slave Božić, Uskrs, rođendane kao i druge praznike i običaje za koje smatraju da su paganskog porekla i kao takvi nespojivi sa hrišćanstvom. Sledbenici svoj skup verovanja često nazivaju "istinom" i za sebe smatraju da su u "u istioni".[18][19] Jehovini svedoci smatraju da je svetovno društvo moralno izopačeno i pod uticajem Satane, te ograničavaju kontakte sa ne-Svedocima.

Kongregacijske disciplinske akcije uključuju odčlanjivanje, njihov izraz za formalno isključivanje te klonjenje.[20] Kršteni pojedinci koji formalno napuste zajednicu se smatraju "oddruštvenim" te ih se članovi također klone. I "odčlanjeni" i "oddruštveni" pojedinci mogu ponovo postati članovima ako se pokaju.

Stavovi o prigovoru savesti prema vojnoj službi i odbijanje pozdrava državnoj zastavi su Jehovine svedoke doveli u sukob sa mnogim vladama. Zbog toga su Jehovini svedoci bili metom progona te su njihove aktivnosti ograničavane i zabranjivane u nizu zemalja. Sudski sporovi vezani uz Jehovine svedoke su imali uticaja na zakonodavstva vezana uz građanska prava.

  1. ↑ Sources for descriptors:
    • Millenarian: Beckford, James A. (1975). The Trumpet of Prophecy: A Sociological Study of Jehovah's Witnesses. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. str. 118–119, 151, 200–201. ISBN 0-631-16310-7. 
    • Restorationist: Stark; Iannaccone, Laurence (1997). „Why Jehovah's Witnesses Grow So Rapidly: A Theoretical Application”. Journal of Contemporary Religion 12 (2): 133–157. DOI:10.1080/13537909708580796. ISSN 1353-7903. 
    • Christian: „Religious Tolerance.org”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2000-05-11. Pristupljeno 2012-11-30.  „Statistics on Religion”. 
    • Denomination: „Jehovah's Witnesses at a Glance”. „The American Heritage Dictionary”. „Memorial and Museum AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2012-04-26. Pristupljeno 2012-11-30. 
  2. ↑ „Jehovah's Witnesses Official Media Web Site: Our History and Organization: Membership”. Office of Public Information of Jehovah's Witnesses. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2012-02-22. Pristupljeno 2012-11-30. »While other religious groups count their membership by occasional or annual attendance, this figure reflects only those who are actively involved in the public Bible educational work [of Jehovah's Witnesses].« 
  3. ↑ „Guided by God's Spirit”. Awake!: 32. 2008. Pristupljeno 2012-06-16. 
  4. ↑ „Statistics at Jehovah's Witnesses official website, 2010”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2012-12-04. Pristupljeno 2012-11-30. 
  5. ↑ Holden, Andrew (2002). Jehovah's Witnesses: Portrait of a Contemporary Religious Movement. Routledge. str. 22. ISBN 0-415-26609-2. 
  6. ↑ Beckford, James A. (1975). The Trumpet of Prophecy: A Sociological Study of Jehovah's Witnesses. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. str. 221. ISBN 0-631-16310-7. »Doctrine has always emanated from the Society's elite in Brooklyn and has never emerged from discussion among, or suggestion from, rank-and-file Witnesses.« 
  7. ↑ „Focus on the Goodness of Jehovah's Organization”. The Watchtower: 20. 2006-07-15. Pristupljeno 2012-06-16. 
  8. ↑ „Jehovah's Witnesses”. The Columbia Encyclopedia. Columbia University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-7876-5015-5. »The Witnesses base their teaching on the Bible.« 
  9. ↑ Chryssides, George D. (1999). Exploring New Religions. London: Continuum. str. 100. ISBN 0-8264-5959-5. »Predictably, mainstream Christians accuse the New World Translation of inaccuracy, as if their own translations were thoroughly reliable. Jehovah's Witnesses will engage in discussion with others using whatever translation is available.« 
  10. ↑ Alan Rogerson (1969). Millions Now Living Will Never Die. Constable. str. 70, 123. »This was the Witnesses' own translation of the New Testament ... now that the Society has decreed that they should use the New World Translation of the Bible in preference other versions, they are convinced their translation is the best.« 
  11. ↑ Tess Van Sommers, Religions in Australia, Rigby, Adelaide, 1966, page 92: "Since 1870, the Watch Tower Society has used more than seventy Bible translations. In 1961 the society released its own complete Bible in modern English, known as The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. This is now the preferred translation among English-speaking congregations."
  12. ↑ Edwards, Linda (2001). A Brief Guide to Beliefs. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. str. 438. ISBN 0-664-22259-5. »The Jehovah's Witnesses' interpretation of Christianity and their rejection of orthodoxy influenced them to produce their own translation of the Bible, The New World Translation.« 
  13. ↑ Our Kingdom Ministry, November 1992, "When we read from our Bible, the householder may comment on the clarity of language used in the New World Translation. Or we may find that the householder shows interest in our message but does not have a Bible. In these cases we may describe the unique features of the Bible we use and the reasons why we prefer it to others."
  14. ↑ „Jehovah's Witness”. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 2007. ISBN 978-1-59339-293-2. 
  15. ↑ Michael Hill, ur. (1972). „The Embryonic State of a Religious Sect's Development: The Jehovah's Witnesses”. Sociological Yearbook of Religion in Britain (5): 11–12. »Joseph Franklin Rutherford succeeded to Russell's position as President of Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society, but only at the expense of antagonizing a large proportion of the Watch Towers subscribers. Nevertheless, he persisted in moulding the Society to suit his own programme of activist evangelism under systematic central control, and he succeeded in creating the administrative structure of the present-day sect of Jehovah's Witnesses.« 
  16. ↑ Leo P. Chall (1978). „Sociological Abstracts”. Sociology of Religion 26 (1–3): 193. »Rutherford, through the Watch Tower Society, succeeded in changing all aspects of the sect from 1919 to 1932 and created Jehovah's Witnesses—a charismatic offshoot of the Bible student community.« 
  17. ↑ Isaiah 43:10–12
  18. ↑ Holden, Andrew (2002). Jehovah's Witnesses: Portrait of a Contemporary Religious Movement. Routledge. str. 64. ISBN 0-415-26609-2. 
  19. ↑ Singelenberg, Richard (1989). „It Separated the Wheat From the Chaff: The 1975 Prophecy and its Impact Among Dutch Jehovah's Witnesses”. Sociological Analysis 50 (Spring 1989): 23-40, footnote 8. »'The Truth' is Witnesses' jargon, meaning the Society's belief system.« 
  20. ↑ Chryssides, George D. (1999). Exploring New Religions. London: Continuum. str. 5. ISBN 0-8264-5959-5. »The Jehovah's Witnesses are well known for their practice of 'disfellowshipping' wayward members.« 

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