Austria-Hungary

Austro-Hungarian Empire
*Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie* (German)
*Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia* (Hungarian)
Austro-Hungarian Empire Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie (German); Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia (Hungarian)
1867–1918
	Motto: Indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter; ("Indivisibly and inseparably")
	Anthem: Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze; ("God [shall] save, God [shall] protect");
	Greater Coat of Arms;
	Austria-Hungary on the eve of World War I
Capital	Vienna (Cisleithania); Budapest (Transleithania)
Largest city	Vienna
Official languages	German; Hungarian; Croatian (Croatia-Slavonia); Other spoken languages:; Bosnian, Czech, Romani (Carpathian), Italian, Istro-Romanian, Romanian, Rusyn, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Yiddish
Religion	76.6% Catholic (incl. 64–66% Roman Catholic & 10–12% Eastern); 8.9% Protestant (Lutheran, Reformed, Unitarian); 8.7% Orthodox; 4.4% Jewish ; 1.3% Muslim; (1910 census)
Demonym(s)	Austro-Hungarian
Government	Constitutional dual monarchy
Emperor-King
• 1867–1916	Franz Joseph I
• 1916–1918	Karl I & IV
Minister-President of Austria
• 1867 (first)	F. F. von Beust
• 1918 (last)	Heinrich Lammasch
Prime Minister of Hungary
• 1867–1871 (first)	Gyula Andrássy
• 1918 (last)	János Hadik
Legislature	2 national legislatures
• Imperial Council	Herrenhaus; Abgeordnetenhaus
• Diet of Hungary	House of Magnates; House of Representatives
Historical era	New Imperialism • World War I
• 1867 Compromise	30 March 1867
• Dual Alliance	7 October 1879
• Bosnian Crisis	6 October 1908
• July Crisis	28 June 1914
• Invasion of Serbia	28 July 1914
• Aster Revolution	31 October 1918
• Austrian Republic	12 November 1918
• Hungarian Republic	16 November 1918
• Treaty of Saint-Germain	10 September 1919
• Treaty of Trianon	4 June 1920
Area
1905	621,537.58 km2 (239,977.00 sq mi)
Population
• 1914	52,800,000
Currency	Gulden; (1867–1892); Krone; (1892–1918);
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Austrian Empire
	Kingdom of Hungary
Republic of German-Austria
First Hungarian Republic
First Czechoslovak Republic
West Ukrainian People's Republic
Second Polish Republic
Kingdom of Romania
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
Kingdom of Italy
Italian Regency of Carnaro

48°12′N 16°21′E / 48.200°N 16.350°E / 48.200; 16.350

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Austria-Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire was a state in Central Europe from 1867 to 1918.^[5] It was the countries of Austria and Hungary ruled by a single monarch. This also included the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia as a constituent kingdom. The full name of the empire was "The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen".

The dual monarchy replaced the Austrian Empire (1804–1867). It started with the compromise between the ruling Habsburg dynasty and the Hungarians. It was an empire made up of many different ethnic groups and was a great power. It found its political life full of arguments between the eleven main national groups. It had great economic growth through the age of industrialization. It also saw social changes with many liberal and democratic reforms.

The Habsburg dynasty ruled as emperors of Austria over the western and northern half of the country and as kings of Hungary over the Kingdom of Hungary. The Kingdom of Hungary had some ability to govern itself. It also had a say in things that affected both it and the rest of the empire. This was mainly foreign relations and defense.

The empire had two capital cities: Vienna in Austria and Budapest in Hungary. Austria-Hungary was the second largest country in Europe (after the Russian Empire). It had the third most people (after Russia and the German Empire).

↑ Fisher, Gilman. The Essentials of Geography for School Year 1888–1889, p. 47. New England Publishing Company (Boston), 1888. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
↑ From the Encyclopædia Britannica (1878), although note that this "Romani" refers to the language of those described by the EB as "Gypsies"; the EB's "Romani or Wallachian" refers to what is today known as Romanian; Rusyn and Ukrainian correspond to dialects of what the EB refers to as "Ruthenian"; and Yiddish was the common language of the Austrian Jews, although Hebrew was also known by many.
↑ Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde, 1911, Tabelle 3.
↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1. Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
↑ Michael L. Miller. "Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867-1918". Oxford Bibliographies. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 June 2016.

[1] Fisher, Gilman. The Essentials of Geography for School Year 1888–1889, p. 47. New England Publishing Company (Boston), 1888. Retrieved 20 August 2014.

[2] From the Encyclopædia Britannica (1878), although note that this "Romani" refers to the language of those described by the EB as "Gypsies"; the EB's "Romani or Wallachian" refers to what is today known as Romanian; Rusyn and Ukrainian correspond to dialects of what the EB refers to as "Ruthenian"; and Yiddish was the common language of the Austrian Jews, although Hebrew was also known by many.

[Vaterlandskunde_1911-3] Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde, 1911, Tabelle 3.

[4] Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1. Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.

[5] Michael L. Miller. "Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867-1918". Oxford Bibliographies. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 June 2016.

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