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COVID-19

This article is about the disease. For the virus, see Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. For the pandemic, see COVID-19 pandemic.
Coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19)
Other namesCOVID, (the) coronavirus
COVID-19 symptoms
COVID-19 symptoms
Pronunciation
Medical specialtyInfectious disease
SymptomsFever, cough, tiredness (fatigue), shortness of breath, vomiting, loss of taste or smell; sometimes without any symptoms[1][2]
ComplicationsPneumonia, viral sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney failure, cytokine release syndrome, respiratory failure, pulmonary fibrosis, pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, chronic COVID syndrome
Usual onset2-14 days (typically 5) from infection
Duration5 days to 10+ months known
CausesSARS-CoV-2
Diagnostic methodrRT-PCR testing, CT scan, Rapid antigen test
PreventionFace coverings, quarantine, physical/social distancing, ventilation, hand washing,[3] vaccination[4]
TreatmentSymptomatic and supportive
Frequency776,695,852 confirmed cases
Deaths7,072,496

Coronavirus disease 2019 or (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.[5] This virus is kind of like the older SARS virus.[6][7][8]

The virus SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic.[9][10] People who catch COVID-19 may get a fever, dry cough, fatigue, (extreme tiredness) loss of taste or smell, or trouble breathing. Sore throat, runny nose, and cough are also common.[11][12][13][9] COVID-19 has killed more than six million people around the world.[14]

5 to 50 percent of people who get the disease, COVID-19, will get Long COVID.[15]

The COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2, goes from one person to another by droplets. It can also go from one person to another by small airborne particles. Droplets and particles are made when a person breathes, sneezes, or talks.[16][17][18][19]

  1. ↑ "Symptoms of Coronavirus". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 13 May 2020. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  2. ↑ "Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)". World Health Organization (WHO). 17 April 2020. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  3. ↑ Nussbaumer-Streit B, Mayr V, Dobrescu AI, Chapman A, Persad E, Klerings I, et al. (April 2020). "Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID-19: a rapid review". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4 (4): CD013574. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013574. ISSN 1464-780X. PMC 7141753. PMID 32267544.
  4. ↑ "COVID-19 vaccines". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  5. ↑ "Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it". www.who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2020-02-28. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  6. ↑ World Health Organization (February 11, 2020). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): situation report, 22 (PDF) (Report). World Health Organization.
  7. ↑ Gorbalenya AE (2020-02-11). "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group". bioRxiv: 2020.02.07.937862. doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.937862. S2CID 214317727. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  8. ↑ "Coronavirus disease named Covid-19". BBC News. 2020-02-11. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hui, D. S.; I. Azhar E.; Madani, T. A.; Ntoumi, F.; Kock, R.; Dar, O.; Ippolito, G.; Mchugh, T. D.; Memish, Z. A.; Drosten, Christian; Zumla, A.; Petersen, E. (February 2020). "The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health—The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China". Int J Infect Dis. 91: 264–66. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009. PMC 7128332. PMID 31953166.
  10. ↑ "Q&A on coronaviruses". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  11. ↑ Saniasiaya J, Islam MA (April 2021). "Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Meta-analysis of 27,492 Patients". The Laryngoscope. 131 (4): 865–878. doi:10.1002/lary.29286. ISSN 0023-852X. PMC 7753439. PMID 33219539.
  12. ↑ Saniasiaya J, Islam MA (November 2020). "Prevalence and Characteristics of Taste Disorders in Cases of COVID-19: A Meta-analysis of 29,349 Patients" (PDF). Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 165 (1): 33–42. doi:10.1177/0194599820981018. PMID 33320033. S2CID 229174644.
  13. ↑ Agyeman AA, Chin KL, Landersdorfer CB, Liew D, Ofori-Asenso R (August 2020). "Smell and Taste Dysfunction in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Mayo Clin. Proc. 95 (8): 1621–1631. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.030. PMC 7275152. PMID 32753137.
  14. ↑ "COVID-19 map - Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center". Johns Hopkins University. Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  15. ↑ Ledford H (June 2022). "How common is long COVID? Why studies give different answers". Nature. 606 (7916): 852–853. Bibcode:2022Natur.606..852L. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-01702-2. PMID 35725828. S2CID 249887289.
  16. ↑ Wang CC, Prather KA, Sznitman J, Jimenez JL, Lakdawala SS, Tufekci Z, Marr LC (August 2021). "Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses". Science. 373 (6558). doi:10.1126/science.abd9149. PMC 8721651. PMID 34446582.
  17. ↑ Greenhalgh T, Jimenez JL, Prather KA, Tufekci Z, Fisman D, Schooley R (May 2021). "Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2". Lancet. 397 (10285): 1603–1605. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00869-2. PMC 8049599. PMID 33865497.
  18. ↑ Bourouiba L (13 July 2021). "Fluid Dynamics of Respiratory Infectious Diseases". Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. 23 (1): 547–577. doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-111820-025044. hdl:1721.1/131115. PMID 34255991. S2CID 235823756. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  19. ↑ Stadnytskyi, Valentyn; Bax, Christina E.; Bax, Adriaan; Anfinrud, Philip (2 June 2020). "The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (22): 11875–11877. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11711875S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2006874117. PMC 7275719. PMID 32404416.

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