Gauss's law

Electromagnetism
Electricity · Magnetism · Magnetic permeability
Electrostatics Electric charge • Coulomb's law • Electric field • Electric flux • Gauss's law • Electric potential energy • Electric potential • Electrostatic induction • Electric dipole moment • Polarization density
Magnetostatics Ampère's law • Electric current • Magnetic field • Magnetization • Magnetic flux • Biot–Savart law • Magnetic dipole moment • Gauss's law for magnetism
Electrodynamics Lorentz force law • emf • Electromagnetic induction • Faraday’s law • Lenz's law • Displacement current • Maxwell's equations • EM field • Electromagnetic radiation • Liénard–Wiechert potential • Maxwell tensor • Eddy current
Electrical Network Electrical conduction • Electrical resistance • Capacitance • Inductance • Impedance • Resonant cavities • Waveguides
Covariant formulation Electromagnetic tensor • EM Stress-energy tensor • Four-current • Electromagnetic four-potential
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Gauss's law (or Gauss's flux theorem) is a law of physics. The law is about the relationship between electric charge and the resulting electric field. In words, Gauss's law states that:

The net electric flux through any closed surface is equal to ​¹⁄_ε times the net electric charge enclosed within that closed surface.^[1][2]

The law was created by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1835. However, it was not published until 1867. It is one of the four Maxwell's equations on classical electrodynamics. The other three are Gauss's law for magnetism, Faraday's law of induction, and Ampère's circuital law.

1. ↑ A closed surface is one which is limited, but has no boundary. A sphere, for example.
2. ↑ Serway, Raymond A. (1996). Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, 4th edition. pp. 687.