Kingdom of Romania

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947) Regatul României National Legionary State (1940–1941) Statul Național Legionar
1881–1947
Flag Middle coat of arms
Motto: Nihil Sine Deo ("Nothing without God")
Anthem:  Trăiască Regele ("Long live the King")
Greater coat of arms:
Romania in 1942
Capital	Bucharest (1881–1916, 1918–1947) Iași (Jassy) (1916–1918)
Common languages	Romanian (official)[1] German, and Hungarian
Religion	Romanian Orthodox
Government	Constitutional monarchy (1881–1937; 1944–1947) Absolute monarchy (1938–1940) Fascist dictatorship (1937–1938; 1940–1941) Military dictatorship (1941–1944)
King
• 1881–1914	Carol I
• 1914–1927	Ferdinand I
• 1927–1930	Michael I (1st reign)
• 1930–1940	Carol II
• 1940–1947	Michael I (2nd reign)
Prime Minister
• 1881	Ion Brătianu (first)
• 1940–1944	Ion Antonescu[a]
• 1945–1947	Petru Groza (last)
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Historical era	Belle Époque • World War I • Interwar period • World War II
• Kingdom proclaimed	14 March 1881
• Treaty of Bucharest	10 August 1913
• Treaty of Trianon	4 June 1920
• Constitution adopted	29 March 1923
• Constitution adopted	20 February 1938
• National Legionary State	14 September 1940
• Iron Guard rebellion	21 January 1941
• King Michael's Coup	23 August 1944
• Soviet occupation	12 September 1944
• Republic proclaimed	30 December 1947
Area
1915[b]	138,000 km2 (53,000 sq mi)
1940[b][c]	295,049 km2 (113,919 sq mi)
Population
• 1915[b]	7,900,000
• 1940[b][c]	20,058,378
Currency	Romanian Leu
Preceded by Succeeded by 1881: United Principalities 1913: Kingdom of Bulgaria 1918: Moldavian Democratic Republic Duchy of Bukovina Kingdom of Hungary Soviet Union Kingdom of Bulgaria 1947: Socialist Republic of Romania
a. ^ Was formally declared Conducător (literally, "Leader") of the state on 6 September 1940, by a royal decree which consecrated a ceremonial role for the monarch.[2] b. ^ Area and population according to Ioan Suciu, Istoria contemporana a României (1918–2005).[3] c. ^ The indicator for the localities of Romania (1941).[4]

The Kingdom of Romania (or 'Romania' after 1969) was a constitutional monarchy which existed between 13 March 1881 and 30 December 1947, specified by the First (in 1866), and respectively, the Second Constitution of Romania. Thus, the Kingdom of Romania began with the reign of King Carol I of Romania and later replaced by Michael I of Romania . It's Prime minister was Ion Antonescu who was prime minister from 1940-1944 . He was later executed in 1946, 2 years after the defeat of Nazi Germany, Italy, Hungary, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria and Japan, which were the countries in the Axis Powers who were defeated in 1945.

From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two vassal principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) to a full-fledged independent kingdom. During 1918-20, at the end of World War I, Transylvania, Eastern Moldavia (Bessarabia), and Bukovina were united with the Kingdom of Romania. In 1940, Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, Northern Transylvania and Southern Dobruja were ceded to the Soviet Union, Hungary and Bulgaria. In 1947 the last king was compelled to abdicate from throne. The socialist republic, ruled by the Romanian Communist Party replaced the monarchy after Joseph Stalin occupied Romania in 1945.

1. ↑ "Constitutiunea din 1923" (in Romanian). Legislatie pentru Democratie. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
2. ↑ Dennis Deletant, Hitler's Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania, 1940–1944, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2006. ISBN 1-4039-9341-6
3. ↑ Ioan Scurtu (2005). "Istoria contemporana a României (1918-2005)" (in Romanian). Bucharest. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
4. ↑ Institutul Central de Statistică (1943). "Indicatorul localităților din România" (PDF) (in Romanian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2015.