| Panam Ningthou | |
|---|---|
Igniter of the first fire Protector of crops (paddy) from hailstorm and thunder | |
| Member of Umang Lais | |
 "Panam Ningthou", the sacred name of the God, written in archaic Meetei Mayek abugida | |
| Affiliation | Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism) |
| Major cult center | Andro, Manipur[1][2][3] |
| Abode | Andro, Manipur[1][2][3] |
| Symbol | burning fire |
| Texts | Poireiton Khunthokpa |
| Gender | Male |
| Region | Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur) |
| Ethnic group | Meitei ethnicity |
| Festivals | Chakpa Haraoba (one of the 4 types of Lai Haraoba festival)[4] |
| Greek equivalent | Hephaestus, Prometheus |
| Roman equivalent | Vulcan |
Panam Ningthou (Meitei: ꯄꯅꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ) is a God in Meitei mythology and religion. He is the protector of crops, especially paddy from hailstorm and thunder.[5] According to legends, He ignited fire for the first time by rubbing flints.[6][7] He is one of the Umang Lai deities.[8][9][10]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bareh, Hamlet (2001). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-790-0.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Birajit, Soibam (2014-12-01). Meeyamgi Kholao: Sprout of Consciousness. ARECOM ( Advanced Research Consortium, Manipur).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Singh, Dr RK Nimai. NEScholar Magazine Vol 02 Issue 03. NE Brothers.
- ↑ Kumar, Niraj; Driem, George van; Stobdan, Phunchok (2020-11-18). Himalayan Bridge. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-21551-9.
- ↑ Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1998). Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy. Parimal Publications.
- ↑ Constantine, R. (1981). Manipur, Maid of the Mountains. Lancers. p. 43.
- ↑ Panchani, Chander Sheikhar (1987). Manipur, Religion, Culture, and Society. Konark Publishers. p. 73. ISBN 978-81-220-0047-4.
- ↑ Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1980). Religion Of Manipur. Firma Klm. p. 15.
- ↑ Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. p. 59. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.
- ↑ Mahapatra, Mary D. (2001). Tribal Religion and Rituals: Accounts of Superstition, Sorcery and Spirits. Dominant Pub. ISBN 978-81-87336-69-3.