Back Перу Abkhazian Pèru ACE Перу ADY Peru Afrikaans Peru ALS ፔሩ Amharic Peru AMI Perú AN Peru ANG पेरु ANP
Republic of Peru | |
|---|---|
| Motto: "Firme y feliz por la unión" (Spanish) "Firm and Happy for the Union" | |
| Anthem: "Himno Nacional del Perú" (Spanish) "National Anthem of Peru"
| |
 Great Seal of the State | |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Lima 12°2.6′S 77°1.7′W / 12.0433°S 77.0283°W |
| Official languages | Spanish (Peruvian) |
| Co-official languages[a] |
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| Other languages |
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| Ethnic groups | List of ethnic groups |
| Religion | List of religions
|
| Demonym(s) | Peruvian |
| Government | Unitary presidential constitutional republic[1][2]under semi-presidential system |
| Dina Boluarte | |
| Gustavo Adrianzén | |
| Legislature | Congress of the Republic[4] |
| Independence from the Kingdom of Spain | |
• Declared | July 28, 1821 |
| December 9, 1824 | |
• Recognized | August 14, 1879 |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi) (19th) |
• Water (%) | 0.41 |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate |  32,824,358[5] (42nd) |
• 2017 census | 31,237,385 |
• Density | 23/km2 (59.6/sq mi) (198th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $505.450 billion[6] (36th) |
• Per capita | $15,399[6] (85th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $240.175 billion[6] (41st) |
• Per capita | $7,317[6] (80th) |
| Gini (2017) |  43.3[7]medium |
| HDI (2018) | 0.763[8] high · 82th |
| Currency | Sol (PEN) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (PET) |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy (CE) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +51 |
| ISO 3166 code | PE |
| Internet TLD | .pe |
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Peru is a country in North, west South America. The capital of Peru is Lima. The ruins of Machu Picchu, the Andes mountains, and the source of the Amazon River are all found in Peru.
Peru is bordered to the north by Ecuador and Colombia, to the east by Brazil, to the south by Chile, and to the southeast by Bolivia. Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions and over 33 million people live in it.
Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, and to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America.
The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821. The most popular religion in Peru is Christianity.
Peru suffered a terrible guerrilla war in the 1980s. The communist (Maoist) Shining Path tried to take over the country. But after the leader of the group was captured in 1992, Shining Path was not a threat anymore. During the 1990s, it was ruled by President Alberto Fujimori. During this time, the economy of Peru got better, and it became easier to start a company or operate a business. After Fujimori, Alejandro Toledo was elected president, and then Alan Garcia, who was president from 1985 to 1990, was elected again in 2006. Ollanta Humala was elected president in 2011 and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski was elected president in 2016. In March 2018, Kuczynski resigned following political scandals and Vice President Martín Vizcarra was sworn in as the next president.
Peru's most important exports, products that it sells to other countries, are fish, gold and other metals, oil, coffee, sugar, and cotton. Also, the food in Peru is very diverse, including typical dishes like Ceviche and Broiled Chicken.
Tourists from other countries like to come to Peru because of the history and also to enjoy nature. Many people come to climb mountains in the Cordillera Blanca in the Ancash Region, and many people visit Peru's long Pacific coast or the Amazon jungle. Cuzco and Machu Picchu are just two of the places where many buildings built by the Incas are still standing after hundreds of years, and these are some of the most visited places. The Incas were not the only tribe in Peru who left buildings and artifacts, but they were the most powerful.
Peru is divided into 25 regions of Peru regions. Lima is the capital and other main regions are Cuzco, Arequipa and Lambayeque.
In the Amazon jungle region, we can find many important rivers and different animals, plants and people of many indigenous cultures.
Peru includes 29.5 million people.
The currency of Peru is the Nuevo Sol.
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- ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
- ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns". French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. ISSN 1476-3427. OCLC 6895745903.
Only in Latin America have all new democracies retained a pure presidential form, except for Peru (president-parliamentary) and Bolivia (assembly-independent).
- ↑ Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Andrea Zarate, Andrea (September 30, 2019). "Peru's President Dissolves Congress, and Lawmakers Suspend Him". The New York Times. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- ↑ Constitutionally dissolved until a new election in January 26, 2020.[3]
- ↑ "Perú: Estimaciones y Proyecciones de Población Total, por Años Calendario y Edades Simples, 1950–2050" [Peru: Estimates and Projections of Total Population, by Calendar Years and Simple Ages, 1950-2050] (PDF) (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics and Informatics. September 2009.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Peru". International Monetary Fund.
- ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
- ↑ "2019 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2019.