Plant

Plantae Temporal range: Mesoproterozoic–present
Scientific classification
(unranked):	Archaeplastida
Kingdom:	Plantae sensu Copeland, 1956
Divisions
Chlorokybophyta Mesostigmatophyta Chlorobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997 Chlorophyta Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997 Klebsormidiophyta Charophyta (stoneworts) ?Chaetosphaeridiales Coleochaetophyta Zygnematophyta Embryobiotes Kenrick & Crane 1997 (land plants) Marchantiophyta Bryophyta Anthocerotophyta †Horneophyta †Aglaophyta Tracheophyta (vascular plants)
Synonyms
Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981[1] Chlorobionta Jeffrey 1982, emend. Bremer 1985, emend. Lewis and McCourt 2004[2] Chlorobiota Kenrick and Crane 1997[3] Chloroplastida Adl et al., 2005 [4] Phyta Barkley 1939 emend. Holt & Uidica 2007 Cormophyta Endlicher, 1836 Cormobionta Rothmaler, 1948 Euplanta Barkley, 1949 Telomobionta Takhtajan, 1964 Embryobionta Cronquist et al., 1966 Metaphyta Whittaker, 1969

Plants are one of six big groups (kingdoms) of living things. They are autotrophic eukaryotes, which means they have complex cells, and make their own food. Usually, they cannot move (not counting growth).

Plants include familiar types such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The scientific study of plants, known as botany, has identified about 391,000 extant (living) species of plants. ^[5]

Most plants grow in the ground, with stems in the air and roots below the surface. Some float on water. The root part absorbs water and some nutrients the plant needs to live and grow. These climb the stem and reach the leaves. The evaporation of water from pores in the leaves pulls water through the plant. This is called transpiration.

A plant needs sunlight, carbon dioxide, minerals from the soil and water to make food by photosynthesis. A green substance in plants called chlorophyll traps the energy from the Sun needed to make food. Chlorophyll is mostly found in leaves, inside plastids, which are inside the leaf cells. The leaf can be thought of as a food factory. Leaves of plants vary in shape and size, but they are always the plant organ best suited to capture solar energy. Once the food is made in the leaf, it is transported to the other parts of the plant such as stems and roots.^[6][7]

The word "plant" can also mean the action of putting something in the ground. For example, farmers plant seeds in the field.

1. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1981). "Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine?". BioSystems. 14 (3–4): 461–481. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. ISSN 0303-2647. PMID 7337818.
2. ↑ Lewis, L.A.; McCourt, R.M. (2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1535–1556. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.
3. ↑ Kenrick, Paul; Crane, Peter R. (1997). The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1-56098-730-8.
4. ↑ "The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists" (PDF). Journal of Eukaryote Microbiology. 52 (5): 399–451. 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x. PMID 16248873. S2CID 8060916. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
5. ↑ "How many plant species are there in the world? Scientists now have an answer". Mongabay Environmental News. 12 May 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
6. ↑ Asimov, Isaac 1968. Photosynthesis. Basic Books, New York, London. ISBN 0-465-05703-9.
7. ↑ Intermediate Learn Science, grades 5-6, by Mike Evans and Linda Ellis