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Syria

This article is about the modern state of Syria. For other uses, see Syria (disambiguation).

35°N 38°E / 35°N 38°E / 35; 38

Syrian Arab Republic
ٱلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ ٱلْعَرَبِيَّةُ ٱلسُّورِيَّةُ (Arabic)
al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah
Coat of arms of Syria
Coat of arms
Motto: وَحْدَةٌ ، حُرِّيَّةٌ ، اِشْتِرَاكِيَّةٌ
Waḥdah, Ḥurrīyah, Ishtirākīyah
("Unity, Freedom, Socialism")
Anthem: حُمَاةَ الدِّيَارِ
Ḥumāt ad-Diyār
("Guardians of the Homeland")

Location of  Syria  (green)
Capital
and largest city
Damascus
33°30′N 36°18′E / 33.500°N 36.300°E / 33.500; 36.300
Official languagesArabic[1]
Recognised languages
  • Kurdish
  • Armenian
  • Syriac
  • Circassian
  • Aramaic
  • Turkish
  • French
  • English
  • Azerbaijani
Ethnic groups
(2014[2])
90% Arab
10% Other
Religion
87% Islam
2% Christianity[3]
3% Druze[4]
Demonym(s)Syrian
GovernmentUnitary dominant-party semi-presidential Ba’athist republic under an authoritarian hereditary dictatorship[5]
• President
Bashar al-Assad
Hussein Arnous
Hammouda Sabbagh
LegislaturePeople's Council
Establishment
8 March 1920
1 December 1924
14 May 1930
• De jure Independence
24 October 1945
• De facto Independence
17 April 1946
• Left the United Arab Republic
28 September 1961
8 March 1963
27 February 2012
Area
• Total
185,180[6] km2 (71,500 sq mi) (87th)
• Water (%)
1.1
Population
• 2020 estimate
17,500,657 (66th)
• 2010 census
21,018,834
• Density
118.3/km2 (306.4/sq mi) (70th)
GDP (PPP)2015 estimate
• Total
$50.28 billion[3]
• Per capita
$2,900[3]
GDP (nominal)2014 estimate
• Total
$24.6 billion[3] (167)
• Per capita
$831[3]
Gini (2014)55.8[7]
high
HDI (2019)Increase 0.567[8]
medium · 151st
CurrencySyrian pound (SYP)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (EEST)
Driving sideright
Calling code+963
ISO 3166 codeSY
Internet TLD.sy
سوريا.

Syria is a country in the Middle East, the west part of Asia. It borders (from south to north) on Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, and Turkey. Its western part faces the Mediterranean Sea and it shares a maritime border with Cyprus. Its eastern and northern parts are mountainous.

The current president and head of state is Bashar al-Assad. Syria's national capital is Damascus. The biggest city is Aleppo. The Syrian civil war began in 2011.

The population of Syria is 74% Sunni, 12% Alawi Shia, 10% Christian, 3% Druze, 1% Ismaili Shia 0.4% Twelver Shia, and 0.1% Yazidi.[9]

  1. ↑ "Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic – 2012" (PDF). International Labour Organization. International Labour Organization. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  2. ↑ "Syria". CIA World factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on 24 June 2014.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Syria". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  4. ↑ "Syria: Ethnic Shift, 2010–mid 2018". gulf2000.columbia.edu. Columbia University Gulf2000. 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
  5. ↑ "Constitution of Syria 2012". Scribd. 15 February 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  6. ↑ "Syrian ministry of foreign affairs". Archived from the original on 11 May 2012.
  7. ↑ "World Bank GINI index". World Bank. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  8. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  9. ↑ "Religion in Syria - 1943 Syrian Census". Retrieved 8 January 2024.

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