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The Holocaust

The Holocaust
Part of World War II
Hungarian Jews arriving at Auschwitz II-Birkenau, Poland in May 1944.[1]
DescriptionGenocide of the European Jews
LocationNazi Germany and Nazi-occupied territories
DateJune 1941 – May 1945[2]
Attack type
Genocide, ethnic cleansing
DeathsAround 6 million Jews[a]
PerpetratorsNazi Germany and its helpers
MotiveAntisemitism
TrialsNuremberg trials, Adolf Eichmann trial, and others

The Holocaust, sometimes called The Shoah (Hebrew: השואה), was the genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, which killed at least 6,000,000 Jews (67% pre-war European Jews).[a]

The Nazis called themselves the "master race" and wanted to kill every Jew in Europe.[13] In an organized, planned and deliberate way, they murdered around six million Jews[14][15] and five million others who were not part of the "master race".[16] The Nazis persecuted and discriminated against Jews and other groups in many ways. They forced many Jews to live in ghettos.[17] They deported millions of people to forced labor camps and concentration camps.[18] To allow them to kill as quickly as possible, they built death camps with gas chambers that could kill up to 2,000 people at a time.[19]

In 1933, around 9.5 million Jewish people lived in Europe.[20] (This was less than 2% of Europe's total population.[20]) By 1945, nearly two out of every three Jews in Europe had been killed in the Holocaust.[21] Every Jewish community in Nazi-occupied Europe lost people during the Holocaust.[16]

  1. ↑ "Deportation of Hungarian Jews". Timeline of Events. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Landau 2016, p. 3.
  3. ↑ Brosnan, Matt (12 June 2018). "What Was The Holocaust?". Imperial War Museum. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  4. ↑ Fischel 2010, p. 115.
  5. ↑ Hayes 2015, pp. xiii–xiv.
  6. ↑ Hilberg 2003, p. 1133.
  7. ↑ "The Holocaust". Holocaust Memorial Day Trust. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019.
  8. ↑ Marrus 2015, p. vii.
  9. ↑ Snyder 2010, p. 412.
  10. ↑ Stone 2010, pp. 1–3.
  11. ↑ "Introduction to the Holocaust". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  12. ↑ "What was the Holocaust?". Yad Vashem. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  13. ↑ "Final solution | Definition, Holocaust, & Third Reich | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  14. ↑ Rubenstein, Richard L.; Roth, John K. (2003). Approaches to Auschwitz: The Holocaust and Its Legacy. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 381. ISBN 978-0-664-22353-3.
  15. ↑ Willoughby, Susan (2002). The Holocaust (20th Century Perspectives). Heinemann. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-431-11990-8.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "36 Questions About the Holocaust". Museum of Tolerance Los Angeles. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
  17. ↑ "Holocaust: Nazi Persecution, Genocide, Concentration Camps". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2024-10-17. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  18. ↑ "Deportations". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  19. ↑ "Auschwitz and Shoah: Gas Chambers". Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Pre-War: Overview". Holocaust Center for Humanity. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  21. ↑ "Timeline of Events". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2024-10-14.


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