Back Ҭурқменисҭан Abkhazian Turkmènistan ACE Тыркуменыстан ADY Turkmenistan Afrikaans Turkmenistan ALS ቱርክመኒስታን Amharic Turkmenistan AMI Turkmenistán AN Turcmenistan ANG तुर्कमेनिस्तान ANP
Turkmenistan | |
|---|---|
 Emblem
| |
| Motto: Türkmenistan Bitaraplygyň watanydyr ("Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality")[2][3] | |
| Anthem: Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni ("State Anthem of Independent, Neutral Turkmenistan") | |
.svg) Location of Turkmenistan (red) | |
| Capital and largest city | Ashgabat 37°58′N 58°20′E / 37.967°N 58.333°E |
| Official languages | Turkmen[4] |
| Language of inter-ethnic communication | Russian |
| Other languages | Uzbek • Kazakh • Eastern Armenian • Azerbaijani • Baluji • Kurmanji • Ukrainian • Persian and others |
| Ethnic groups (2012) | |
| Religion |
|
| Demonym(s) | Turkmenistani Turkmen[5] Turkmenian |
| Government | Unitary dominant-party presidential republic under an Authoritarian Dictatorship |
| Serdar Berdimuhamedow | |
| Raşit Meredow | |
| Gülşat Mämmedowa | |
| Legislature | Assembly (Mejlis)[6] |
| Independence from Russia | |
• Conquest | 1879 |
| 13 May 1925 | |
• Declared state sovereignty | 22 August 1990 |
• From the Soviet Union | 27 October 1991 |
• Recognized | 26 December 1991 |
| 18 May 1992 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 491,210 km2 (189,660 sq mi)[7] (52nd) |
• Water (%) | 4.9 |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 6,031,187 [8] (113th) |
• Density | 10.5/km2 (27.2/sq mi) (221st) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2018 estimate |
• Total | $112.659 billion[9] |
• Per capita | $19,526[9] |
| GDP (nominal) | 2018 estimate |
• Total | $42.764 billion[9] |
• Per capita | $7,411[9] |
| Gini (1998) | 40.8 medium |
| HDI (2019) |  0.715[10]high · 111th |
| Currency | Turkmen new manat (TMT) |
| Time zone | UTC+05 (TMT) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +993 |
| ISO 3166 code | TM |
| Internet TLD | .tm |
Turkmenistan (/tɜːrkˈmɛnɪstæn/ (
listen) or /tɜːrkmɛnɪˈstɑːn/ (listen); Turkmen: Türkmenistan, pronounced [tʏɾkmønʏˈθːɑːn];[11]), also known as Turkmenia, is a country in South-Central Asia. It has borders with Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. It has no ocean but it is on the Caspian Sea to the west. The capital of Turkmenistan is Ashghabat.[12]
The majority of the country is Muslim at 93%.
Turkmenistan is a non-aligned and fully neutral country.
- ↑ Hambly, Gavin R.G.; et al. "Turkmenistan". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ↑ ""Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality" is the motto of 2020 | Chronicles of Turkmenistan". En.hronikatm.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-08. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
- ↑ 29.12.2019 (2019-12-29). "Turkmen parliament places Year 2020 under national motto "Turkmenistan – Homeland of Neutrality" – tpetroleum". Turkmenpetroleum.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-08. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
{{cite web}}:|author=has numeric name (help) - ↑ "Turkmenistan's Constitution of 2008" (PDF).
- ↑ "Dual Citizenship". Ashgabat: U.S. Embassy in Turkmenistan. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ↑ "Turkmenistan approves new constitution to increase president's powers". 26 September 2008.
- ↑ Государственный комитет Туркменистана по статистике : Информация о Туркменистане : О Туркменистане Archived 7 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine : Туркменистан — одна из пяти стран Центральной Азии, вторая среди них по площади (491,21 тысяч км2), расположен в юго-западной части региона в зоне пустынь, севернее хребта Копетдаг Туркмено-Хорасанской горной системы, между Каспийским морем на западе и рекой Амударья на востоке.
- ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations".
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Turkmenistan". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
- ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
- ↑ Clark, Larry (1998). Turkmen Reference Grammar. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 50.
- ↑ "Turkmenistan". Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook. Retrieved 2009-09-04.[permanent dead link]