Intelligent design

Intelligent design (ibland förkortat ID) är ett pseudovetenskapligt argument för existensen av Gud ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] , som presenteras av dess förespråkare som "en bevisbaserad vetenskaplig teori om livets ursprung" ^[6]. Förespråkare hävdar att "vissa egenskaper i universum och levande saker förklaras bäst av ett intelligent ursprung, inte en icke-riktad process som naturligt urval." ID är en form av kreationism som saknar empiriskt stöd och ger inga testbara eller hållbara hypoteser, och är därför inte vetenskap.^[7] De ledande förespråkarna för ID är associerade med Discovery Institute, en kristen, politiskt konservativ tankesmedja baserad i USA.^[8]

^ Numbers 2006, p. 373; "[ID] captured headlines for its bold attempt to rewrite the basic rules of science and its claim to have found indisputable evidence of a God-like being. Proponents, however, insisted it was 'not a religious-based idea, but instead an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins – one that challenges strictly materialistic views of evolution.' Although the intellectual roots of the design argument go back centuries, its contemporary incarnation dates from the 1980s"
^ Meyer, Stephen C. (1 december 2005). ”Not by chance”. National Post (Don Mills, Ontario: CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc.). Arkiverad från originalet den 1 maj 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060501021540/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/issuesideas/story.html?id=8f7f51f2-a196-4677-9399-46f4f17b5b61. Läst 28 februari 2014.
^ Boudry, Maarten; Blancke, Stefaan; Braeckman, Johan (december 2010). ”Irreducible Incoherence and Intelligent Design: A Look into the Conceptual Toolbox of a Pseudoscience”. The Quarterly Review of Biology 85 (4): sid. 473–482. doi:10.1086/656904. ISSN 0033-5770. PMID 21243965. https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/952482/file/6828579.pdf. Artikeln tillgänglig från Universiteit Gent
^ Pigliucci 2010
^ Young & Edis 2004 pp. 195-196, Section heading: But is it Pseudoscience?
^
”CSC – Frequently Asked Questions: Questions About Intelligent Design: What is the theory of intelligent design?”. Center for Science and Culture. Seattle: Discovery Institute. https://www.discovery.org/id/faqs/#questionsAboutIntelligentDesign. Läst 15 juli 2018.
- ”Intelligent Design Theory in a Nutshell”. Seattle: Intelligent Design and Evolution Awareness Center. 2004. http://www.ideacenter.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/393410a2d36e9b96329c2faff7e2a4df/miscdocs/intelligentdesigntheoryinanutshell.pdf. Läst 16 juni 2012.
- ”Intelligent Design”. Intelligent design network. Shawnee Mission, Kan.: Intelligent Design network, inc. http://www.intelligentdesignnetwork.org/. Läst 16 juni 2012.
^ ”An intelligently designed response”. Nature Methods 4 (12): sid. 983. december 2007. doi:10.1038/nmeth1207-983. ISSN 1548-7091.
^
”Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District Trial transcript: Day 6 (oktober 5), PM Session, Part 1”. TalkOrigins Archive. Houston: The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/dover/day6pm.html. Läst 16 juni 2012. ”Q. Has the Discovery Institute been a leader in the intelligent design movement? A. Yes, the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture. Q. And are almost all of the individuals who are involved with the intelligent design movement associated with the Discovery Institute? A. All of the leaders are, yes.” — Barbara Forrest, 2005, testifying in the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial.
- Wilgoren 2005, "...the institute's Center for Science and Culture has emerged in recent months as the ideological and strategic backbone behind the eruption of skirmishes over science in school districts and state capitals across the country."
- ”Frequently Asked Questions About 'Intelligent Design': Who is behind the ID movement?”. American Civil Liberties Union. New York: American Civil Liberties Union. 16 september 2005. https://www.aclu.org/religion-belief/frequently-asked-questions-about-intelligent-design. Läst 16 juni 2012.
- Kahn, Joseph P. (27 juli 2005). ”The evolution of George Gilder”. The Boston Globe. http://archive.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2005/07/27/the_evolution_of_george_gilder/. Läst 28 februari 2014.
- ”WHO's WHO: Intelligent Design Proponents” (PDF). Durham, N.C.: Science & Theology News, Inc. 1 november 2005. ISSN 1530-6410. http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/filesDB-download.php?command=download&id=602. Läst 20 juli 2007.
- Attie, et al. 2006, "The engine behind the ID movement is the Discovery Institute."

[Numbers_373-1] Numbers 2006, p. 373; "[ID] captured headlines for its bold attempt to rewrite the basic rules of science and its claim to have found indisputable evidence of a God-like being. Proponents, however, insisted it was 'not a religious-based idea, but instead an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins – one that challenges strictly materialistic views of evolution.' Although the intellectual roots of the design argument go back centuries, its contemporary incarnation dates from the 1980s"

[Meyer_2005-2] Meyer, Stephen C. (1 december 2005). ”Not by chance”. National Post (Don Mills, Ontario: CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc.). Arkiverad från originalet den 1 maj 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060501021540/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/issuesideas/story.html?id=8f7f51f2-a196-4677-9399-46f4f17b5b61. Läst 28 februari 2014.

[Boudry_2010-3] Boudry, Maarten; Blancke, Stefaan; Braeckman, Johan (december 2010). ”Irreducible Incoherence and Intelligent Design: A Look into the Conceptual Toolbox of a Pseudoscience”. The Quarterly Review of Biology 85 (4): sid. 473–482. doi:10.1086/656904. ISSN 0033-5770. PMID 21243965. https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/952482/file/6828579.pdf. Artikeln tillgänglig från Universiteit Gent

[4] Pigliucci 2010

[5] Young & Edis 2004 pp. 195-196, Section heading: But is it Pseudoscience?

[DI-topquestions-6] ”CSC – Frequently Asked Questions: Questions About Intelligent Design: What is the theory of intelligent design?”. Center for Science and Culture. Seattle: Discovery Institute. https://www.discovery.org/id/faqs/#questionsAboutIntelligentDesign. Läst 15 juli 2018.
”Intelligent Design Theory in a Nutshell”. Seattle: Intelligent Design and Evolution Awareness Center. 2004. http://www.ideacenter.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/393410a2d36e9b96329c2faff7e2a4df/miscdocs/intelligentdesigntheoryinanutshell.pdf. Läst 16 juni 2012.

”Intelligent Design”. Intelligent design network. Shawnee Mission, Kan.: Intelligent Design network, inc. http://www.intelligentdesignnetwork.org/. Läst 16 juni 2012.

[7] ”Intelligent Design Theory in a Nutshell”. Seattle: Intelligent Design and Evolution Awareness Center. 2004. http://www.ideacenter.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/393410a2d36e9b96329c2faff7e2a4df/miscdocs/intelligentdesigntheoryinanutshell.pdf. Läst 16 juni 2012.

[8] ”Intelligent Design”. Intelligent design network. Shawnee Mission, Kan.: Intelligent Design network, inc. http://www.intelligentdesignnetwork.org/. Läst 16 juni 2012.

[NatureMethods2007-7] ”An intelligently designed response”. Nature Methods 4 (12): sid. 983. december 2007. doi:10.1038/nmeth1207-983. ISSN 1548-7091.

[8] ”Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District Trial transcript: Day 6 (oktober 5), PM Session, Part 1”. TalkOrigins Archive. Houston: The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/dover/day6pm.html. Läst 16 juni 2012. ”Q. Has the Discovery Institute been a leader in the intelligent design movement? A. Yes, the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture. Q. And are almost all of the individuals who are involved with the intelligent design movement associated with the Discovery Institute? A. All of the leaders are, yes.” — Barbara Forrest, 2005, testifying in the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial.
Wilgoren 2005, "...the institute's Center for Science and Culture has emerged in recent months as the ideological and strategic backbone behind the eruption of skirmishes over science in school districts and state capitals across the country."

”Frequently Asked Questions About 'Intelligent Design': Who is behind the ID movement?”. American Civil Liberties Union. New York: American Civil Liberties Union. 16 september 2005. https://www.aclu.org/religion-belief/frequently-asked-questions-about-intelligent-design. Läst 16 juni 2012.

Kahn, Joseph P. (27 juli 2005). ”The evolution of George Gilder”. The Boston Globe. http://archive.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2005/07/27/the_evolution_of_george_gilder/. Läst 28 februari 2014.

”WHO's WHO: Intelligent Design Proponents” (PDF). Durham, N.C.: Science & Theology News, Inc. 1 november 2005. ISSN 1530-6410. http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/filesDB-download.php?command=download&id=602. Läst 20 juli 2007.

Attie, et al. 2006, "The engine behind the ID movement is the Discovery Institute."

[11] Wilgoren 2005, "...the institute's Center for Science and Culture has emerged in recent months as the ideological and strategic backbone behind the eruption of skirmishes over science in school districts and state capitals across the country."

[12] ”Frequently Asked Questions About 'Intelligent Design': Who is behind the ID movement?”. American Civil Liberties Union. New York: American Civil Liberties Union. 16 september 2005. https://www.aclu.org/religion-belief/frequently-asked-questions-about-intelligent-design. Läst 16 juni 2012.

[13] Kahn, Joseph P. (27 juli 2005). ”The evolution of George Gilder”. The Boston Globe. http://archive.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2005/07/27/the_evolution_of_george_gilder/. Läst 28 februari 2014.

[14] ”WHO's WHO: Intelligent Design Proponents” (PDF). Durham, N.C.: Science & Theology News, Inc. 1 november 2005. ISSN 1530-6410. http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/filesDB-download.php?command=download&id=602. Läst 20 juli 2007.

[15] Attie, et al. 2006, "The engine behind the ID movement is the Discovery Institute."

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