Kigezo:Cite journal

Nyaraka za kigezo[mtazamo] [hariri] [historia] [safisha]

Cite journal is a template which is used for formatting references to articles in magazines and academic journals and for academic papers in a consistent and legible manner. It can be used at the end of the article, directly in the References section. It can also be placed within <ref>...</ref> tags for in-line citations. See also: Wikipedia:Footnotes.

{{Cite journal}} is intended for papers in journals, which are issued periodically and have volume and (usually) issue numbers. It is not intended for conference proceedings, which should be cited with {{Cite conference}}. Nor is it intended for articles in edited books or in encyclopedias or similar collections, which should be cited with {{Cite encyclopedia}} (which, despite its name, applies to all edited collections, not only encyclopedias).

An alternative to all of the above templates is to use the generic {{Citation}} template. It takes more or less the same parameters as the type-specific templates and produces a similar-looking citation, but with sections separated by commas instead of periods. See Wikipedia:Citation templates for more discussion of the various citation templates available.

All field names must be lowercase. Unused fields should be removed, rather than left blank.

Common parameters, horizontal format

{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |year= |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |publisher= |doi= |url= |accessdate= }}

Common parameters for Vancouver system citations

{{Cite journal |author= |year= |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |publisher= |doi= |pmid= |pmc= |url= |accessdate= }}

All parameters, horizontal format

{{Cite journal |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |title= |trans_title= |journal= |volume= |series= |issue= |page= |pages= |at= |chapter= |location= |publisher= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |language= |format= |id= |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmc= |bibcode= |doi= |accessdate= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |laysource= |laysummary= |laydate= |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript= }}

{{Cite journal
| last1        = 
| first1       = 
| authorlink1  = 
| last2        = 
| first2       =
| authorlink2  =
| editor-last  =
| editor-first =
| editor-link  =
| date         = 
| year         = 
| month        = 
| title        = 
| trans_title  = 
| journal      = 
| volume       = 
| issue        = 
| series       = 
| pages        = 
| location     = 
| publisher    = 
| language     = 
| format       =
| id           =
| isbn         =
| issn         = 
| oclc         = 
| pmid         = 
| pmc          = 
| bibcode      = 
| doi          = 
| accessdate   = 
| url          = 
| archiveurl   = 
| archivedate  = 
| laysource    = 
| laysummary   =
| laydate      = 
| quote        = 
| ref          = 
| separator    = 
| postscript   = 
}}

{{Cite journal
| author      = 
| authorlink  =
| editor      =
| editor-link =
| date        = 
| year        = 
| month       = 
| title       = 
| trans_title = 
| journal      = 
| volume       = 
| issue        = 
| series       = 
| pages        = 
| location     = 
| publisher    = 
| language     = 
| format       =
| id           =
| isbn         =
| issn         = 
| oclc         = 
| pmid         = 
| pmc          = 
| bibcode      = 
| doi          = 
| accessdate   = 
| url          = 
| archiveurl   = 
| archivedate  = 
| laysource    = 
| laysummary   =
| laydate      = 
| quote        = 
| ref          = 
| separator    = 
| postscript   = 
}}

Result (using lastname, firstname)

last, first (date). editor-last, editor-first (mhr.). [archiveurl "title"]. journal. series (kwa language). volume (issue). location: publisher: pages. Bibcode:bibcode. doi:doi. ISSN issn. OCLC oclc. PMC pmc. PMID pmid. id. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka [url chanzo] (format) mnamo archivedate. Iliwekwa mnamo accessdate. quote {{cite journal}}: |editor-last= has generic name (help); |issue= has extra text (help); |pages= has extra text (help); |volume= has extra text (help); Check |archiveurl= value (help); Check |bibcode= length (help); Check |doi= value (help); Check |issn= value (help); Check |oclc= value (help); Check |pmc= value (help); Check |pmid= value (help); Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |year=, |accessdate=, |date=, |archivedate=, na |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |laydate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysource= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Result (using author)

author (date). editor (mhr.). [archiveurl "title"]. journal (kwa language). volume (issue). location: publisher: pages. Bibcode:bibcode. doi:doi. ISSN issn. OCLC oclc. PMC pmc. PMID pmid. id. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka [url chanzo] (format) mnamo archivedate. Iliwekwa mnamo accessdate. quote {{cite journal}}: |author= has generic name (help); |issue= has extra text (help); |pages= has extra text (help); |volume= has extra text (help); Check |archiveurl= value (help); Check |bibcode= length (help); Check |doi= value (help); Check |issn= value (help); Check |oclc= value (help); Check |pmc= value (help); Check |pmid= value (help); Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |year=, |accessdate=, |date=, |archivedate=, na |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |laydate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysource= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

• author: Author. Use to specify a single author of the paper, or alternatively, to specify all the authors of the paper in whatever format desired. If you use author to specify all the authors, do not specify the following author-related parameters.
  • last works with first to produce last, first;. These parameters produce the maximum metadata and should be used if possible.
  • author2, last2, first2 and subsequent should be used for co-authors (up to 8 will be displayed before truncation with "et al".
  • author-link name of an existing Wikipedia article about the author. If present, either author or last & first become a link to the appropriate article.
  • author2-link to author9-link may similarly be used when there is an article on coauthors specified using author2 or last2, first2 etc.
  • coauthors: Full name of additional author or authors. Please use 'author2', 'author3', etc instead.
  • author-separator: over-ride the default semi-colon that separates authors' names.
  • author-mask – This parameter is primarily intended for use in bibliographies where multiple works by a single author are listed. It replaces the name of the first author (which must still be provided to garner metadata) with a strike-thru dash (—) author-mask em in length. So if |author-mask=1 then the dash will be one em in length, if |author-mask=2 it will be two em long and so on. Set author-mask to a text value to display a word instead – for example, 'with'. You must still include |last= and |first= for metadata purposes.
  • author-name-separator: over-ride the default semicolon that separates authors' names.
  • display-authors: Specify a digit to only display the first n authors (followed by "et al"). The first 9 authors should still be included in the template; these will be included in the metadata to assist users with browser plugins, etc.
• date: January 1, 2006. Full date of publication.
  • year: 2006. Year of publication (ignored if the date field is used).
    • month: January. Month of publication (ignored if the date field is used, or if the year field is not used).
• title: Title of article.
• journal or periodical or newspaper or magazine: Name of the journal or periodical.
• volume: Volume number of the journal in which the article is found
• series or version: At most one of these may be entered. In either case the value will be displayed in plaintext after the title.
  • series: According to the 14th edition of Chicago Manual of Style p. 576, "As in the case of book series, some journals have attained such longevity that they have begun a new series of volumes or issues. Identification of the series (n.s., 2d ser., 3d ser., ser. b) must be made in citations to these journals."
  • version: Use when citing a paper. It may be used, for example, for standards documents, which retain the same title and document number (e.g. ISO nnnnn) but may have many revisions (e.g. ISO nnnnn-xxxx).
• issue: Journal's issue number, or issue name.
• page or pages: 45–47: first page, and optional last page (separated by an en dash –). If you need to refer to a specific page within a cited source, use Template:Rp or shortened footnotes.
• at: Position within the resource when |page=/|pages= is inappropriate or insufficient. This parameter is ignored if |page=/|pages= is specified. Examples of usage of |at=: |at=para. 14 (when citing a source without page numbers), |at=02:56 (a film or audio timestamp), |at=no. 456 (something in a numbered list), |at=p. 6, col. 2 (for a page and a column because "column" is not a Citation template parameter), or |at=sec. F pp. 4–6 (for a section and a page within the section, "section" not being a parameter).
• publisher: Publisher of journal or periodical; should not include corporate designation such as "Ltd" or "Inc". Only include if ISSN and DOI are unavailable.
  • location: Place of publication for journal or periodical.
• language: Language, e.g. Finnish. (English is assumed and should not be specified.)
  • trans_title: Translated (English) title, when the title is in a foreign language. Can be used without source title when the source title is unknown.
• id: A unique identifier, used if none of the below are applicable. In this case, you need to specify the kind of identifier you are using, preferably with a template like {{US patent}}, {{MR}} / {{MathSciNet}}, {{Zbl}}, {{arXiv}}, {{JSTOR}} or {{JFM}}. (Use one of the more specialized parameters if possible; they are linked automatically. In other words, don't use id = PMID 15128012 anymore. Use pmid = 15128012.)
  • issn: The publication's International Standard Serial Number such as 1111-2220. The eight-figure ISSN may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen; but neither an N-dash nor a space are valid for use as separator between the groups.
  • oclc: The periodical's Online Computer Library Center ID number, such as 3185581
  • pmid: The document's PubMed Unique Identifier, such as 15128012
  • pmc: The document's PubMed Central article number (PMCID) for full-text free repository of an article, such as 246835
    • pmc-embargo-date: The date that an article will be freely accessible at PubMed central. After this date, the title will automatically link to the free full text at PubMed Central (and the parameter will be removed by a bot).
  • bibcode: The document's bibcode in the Astrophysics Data System, e.g., 1924MNRAS..84..308E
  • doi: A digital object identifier for the document, such as 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1153:TAFSIA>2.3.CO;2.
    • doi_inactivedate: Sometimes the doi target link might not function (e.g. it is awaiting entry to the CrossRef database). Use this parameter, which takes a date argument, to de-link the DOI. The parameter will be removed when the DOI becomes active again. Must not be wikilinked.
      The doi value is still shown, but without a link, and the mainspace article is added to "Category:Pages with DOIs inactive since YYYY".
• url: This should point to, in descending order of preference:

1. A free online version of the full text
2. An online version of the full text, for which subscription is required
3. An abstract or information page, if no DOI or PMID record is available

If a DOI or PMID is available, the URL should only be specified if it would point to a different page to that which a DOI or PMID would redirect to.

Note: the URL must be properly encoded, especially replacing any double quote (") with %22. See Percent-encoding for more information.

• accessdate: Full date when URL/DOI was last checked. Should use the same format as the other full dates in the references. Must not be wikilinked.
• format: Format of the document at its URL (e.g., PDF, xls, etc.) Don't specify for HTML (implied as default). This parameter is sometimes used for completely different purposes, with values such as "fee required" and "reprint", but its original intent was to warn readers of file formats that their browsers might have trouble with.
• laysummary: URL of a lay summary, which could be in a popular science magazine or newspaper.
  • laysource: Name of the source, e.g. The Guardian (UK newspaper) or New Scientist.
  • laydate: Date of publication or, where this is not available, date of retrieval of the lay summary.

An alternative method of adding one or more references to common media (preferably in Layman's terms) from the related journal citation can be specified within a single <ref>...</ref> tag using other citation templates; for example:

Text in the article.<ref>{{Cite journal | ... }}<br/>
'''Related news articles:'''
*{{Cite news | ... }}
*{{Cite web | ... }}</ref>

• quote: Relevant excerpt from the journal.
• ref: ID for anchor. By default, no anchor is generated. The ordinary nonempty value |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The special value |ref=harv generates an anchor suitable for the {{harv}} template; see anchors for Harvard referencing templates.
• postscript: if specified, over-rides the default behaviour of terminating the citation with a full stop. Leave blank to suppress the full stop. This may be useful when using a quote which ends in punctuation, or when generating an output consistent with other templates. It is preferred to manually adding ending punctuation, as the punctuation occurs within the <cite> tag, so will appear before any icons added by browser plugins.
• number: A synonym for the issue parameter, specific to the template {{cite journal}}.
• editor: Name of editor/editors. Do not Wikilink any values in the editor field but use editor-link instead. The template automatically adds "ed." after the editor's name unless the chapter parameter is used in which case the template adds "in" before the editor's name which appears after the chapter and before the title. This implies that the author is responsible only for part of the book (including the cited chapter) and the editor responsible for the whole book. If, however, the author(s) and editor(s) are responsible for the whole book, then the editor field or its alternates described below should not be used if the chapter field is being used. Instead, the editor(s) should be included in an author field with possibly "(ed.)" after the surname(s). Alternatively, the editor field may be used if the chapter detail is included in the title field instead of using the chapter field.
• OR: alternatively editor-first and editor-last can be used in the same way as first and last.
• OR: for multiple editors up to four in number, use the fields editor1-first, editor1-last, ...,editorn-first, editorn-last to 'correctly' record all the information about the book in the same way as firstn and lastn.
  • editor-link or editor1-link...editorn-link is used in the same way as authorlink or authorlinkn.
• separator: The separator to use in lists of authors, editors, etc. Defaults to ".", but "," may be useful also. If the field is present, but blank, no separator will be used.
• archive parameters (if used, must be used both of them together)
  • archiveurl: The URL of an archived copy of the page, if (or in case) the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite and Archive.org.
  • archivedate: Date when the item was archived. Should not be wikilinked.

Although it may appear redundant to include multiple ids for articles, it is helpful for many editors who only have access to a certain resource. If only one ID is to be included, the DOI should be used, as this is the universal standard preferred by professional publications. Specifying a link as a doi, pmid etc is always preferable to including it as a url parameter, as it makes it clear that the link is accurate and stable, but not necessarily openly accessible.

Formal citation

{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Joseph III |title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma |journal=The Saints' Herald |volume=26 |year=1879 |month=October |page=289}}

→ Smith, Joseph III (1879). "Last Testimony of Sister Emma". The Saints' Herald. 26: 289. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Vancouver style (common in biomedicine)

{{Cite journal |author=Bannen RM, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright SJ, Mitchell JC |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339–43 |year=2008 |pmid=18723523 |pmc=2562006 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 |url=http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/20/2339 }}

→ Bannen RM, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright SJ, Mitchell JC (2008). "Optimal design of thermally stable proteins". Bioinformatics. 24 (20): 2339–43. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450. PMC 2562006. PMID 18723523.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Include URL link to free-article, pre-print or abstract; also supply access date unless the URL is known to be stable.

{{Cite journal |journal= Energy Policy |year=2008 |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=1858–1866 |title= Effect of daylight saving time on lighting energy use: a literature review |author= Myriam B.C. Aries; Guy R. Newsham |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.021 |url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/nrcc49212/nrcc49212.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-09-01 }}

→ Myriam B.C. Aries; Guy R. Newsham (2008). "Effect of daylight saving time on lighting energy use: a literature review" (PDF). Energy Policy. 36 (6): 1858–1866. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.021. Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-09-01.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Specify the DOI to provide a permanent link. Also give the PMID abstract for medical articles, and the URL if the article is free. PubMed Central free full-text repository links may also be supplied and will link the title if URL not specified, else as additional linked PMC value at the end of the citation

{{Cite journal |author=Viollet B; Andreelli F; Jørgensen SB ''et al'' |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–8 |year=2003 |month=January |pmid=12511592 |pmc=151837 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |url=http://www.jci.org/articles/view/16567}}

→ Viollet B, Andreelli F, Jørgensen SB; na wenz. (2003). "The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity". J. Clin. Invest. 111 (1): 91–8. doi:10.1172/JCI16567. PMC 151837. PMID 12511592. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Whereas if the url had not been specified, then the title is linked to PubMed Central's copy of the article and no duplicate PMC link is shown for compactness:

{{Cite journal |author=Viollet B, Andreelli F, Jørgensen SB, ''et al'' |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–8 |year=2003 |month=January |pmid=12511592 |pmc=151837 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |url=}}

→ Viollet B, Andreelli F, Jørgensen SB; na wenz. (2003). "The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity". J. Clin. Invest. 111 (1): 91–8. doi:10.1172/JCI16567. PMC 151837. PMID 12511592. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

If the doi link is broken, then use of the doi_inactivedate parameter unlinks the doi value, indicates when the doi-problem was first noticed, and will also add the page to "Category:Pages with DOIs broken since YYYY":

{{Cite journal |author=Viollet B, Andreelli F, Jørgensen SB, ''et al'' |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–8 |year=2003 |month=January |pmid=12511592 |pmc=151837 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |doi_inactivedate=2008-06-18 |url=}}

→ Viollet B, Andreelli F, Jørgensen SB; na wenz. (2003). "The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity". J. Clin. Invest. 111 (1): 91–8. doi:10.1172/JCI16567. PMC 151837. PMID 12511592. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |doi_inactivedate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

If the article is in a foreign language, and the original title is unknown

{{Cite journal |author=Huang Y, Lu J, Shen Y, Lu J |trans_title=The protective effects of total flavonoids from Lycium Barbarum L. on lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria and red blood cell in rats |language=Chinese |journal=Wei Sheng Yan Jiu |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=115–6 |year=1999 |month=March |pmid=11938998}}

→ Huang Y, Lu J, Shen Y, Lu J (1999). Wei Sheng Yan Jiu (kwa Chinese). 28 (2): 115–6. PMID 11938998. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Other examples

• {{Cite journal |last=Fowler |first=Martin |authorlink=Martin Fowler |coauthors=Kent Beck |title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma |journal=The Saints' Herald |volume=26 |year=1879 |month=October |pages=289}}

→ Fowler, Martin (1879). "Last Testimony of Sister Emma". The Saints' Herald. 26: 289. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

• {{Cite journal |first=W. Hugh |last=Woodin |title=The Continuum Hypothesis, Part I |journal=Notices of the AMS |volume=48 |issue=6 |year=2001 |pages=567–576 |location=Providence, RI |publisher=American Mathematical Society |url=http://www.ams.org/notices/200106/fea-woodin.pdf |format=PDF |issn=1088-9477 |oclc=34550461}}

→ Woodin, W. Hugh (2001). "The Continuum Hypothesis, Part I" (PDF). Notices of the AMS. 48 (6). Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society: 567–576. ISSN 1088–9477. OCLC 34550461. {{cite journal}}: Check |issn= value (help)

• {{Cite journal |title=Disney Releases 10 Titles on Laser Videodisc |year=1982 |journal=VIDEODISC/VIDEOTEX |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=175}}

→ "Disney Releases 10 Titles on Laser Videodisc". VIDEODISC/VIDEOTEX. 2 (3): 175. 1982.

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.

• {{Cite Journal}}
• {{Citejournal}}
• {{Cite magazine}}
• {{Cite magazine article}}
• {{Cite paper}}
• {{Citepaper}}
• {{Cite document}}

• Citation bot
• Citation templates
• Citing sources
• Citing sources/example style
• Digital Object Identifier
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite web
• Zotero

• badgettrg's Citation maker for journals indexed by PubMed using PMID, PMC, or DOIs. Bookmarklet is available.
• The Universal Citation Assistant – can either find articles using the built-in Google Scholar interface, automatically produce an appropriate cite template or produce a template from a DOI, PMID or PMC identifier.
• Diberri's Wikipedia template filling tool - will generate cite journal templates from PMID or PMC values, as well as cite book, cite web and various infobox templates.
• http://toolserver.org/~holek/cite-gen/index.php