Farslar

Farslar
پارس‌ها
Önemli nüfusa sahip bölgeler
İran	60-78 milyon
Diller
	Farsça
Din
	Çoğunluk:; İslam (Çoğunluk Şiilik, azınlık Sünnilik); Azınlık:; Dinsizlik, Bahâîlik, Hristiyanlık, Yahudilik ve Zerdüştlük

Farslar (Eski Farsça: 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿,^[8]^[9]^[10] Farsça: پارس‌ها), Persler veya Osmanlıcadaki tabirle Âcemler (Osmanlıca: عجم^[11], Âcem), çoğunlukla İran'da yaşayan İranî bir halktır.

Antik Persler MÖ 9. yüzyılda günümüz İran'ın Fars eyaletine karşılık gelen Persis (Yunanca: Περσίς, Persís; Eski Farsça: 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿, Parsa) bölgesinde yaşamaktaydılar.^[12]^[13] Persler antik dünya topraklarının büyük bir kısmını kapsayıp önemli kültürel, politik ve sosyal etkiye sahip antik çağın güçlü imparatorluklarını kurmuş ve yönetmiştir.^[14]^[15]^[16] Bu noktada Fars devletlerinin tarihi kendi dönemine kadar antik çağda kurulmuş en büyük imparatorluk olan Ahamenişler^[13] ve Sasaniler şeklinde 2550 yıl öncesine kadar uzanır.^[17]

Farsların dili Farsça olmakla birlikte Farsça Hint-Avrupa dil ailesinin İran dilleri koluna bağlı bir Batı İran dilidir. Antik Farsça ve oradan Orta Farsçanın devamı olan Farsçaya ait en eski kayıtlar M.Ö. 1000'li yıllara dayanmaktadır.^[18] Bu dilde yazılmış yazılı ve sözlü eserlerden oluşan Fars edebiyatı ise dünyanın en eski ve önde gelen edebiyat geleneklerinden biridir^[19]^[20] ve tarihi önemi olan çok sayıda Fars şâir ve bilge mevcuttur.^[21]

^ "Persian, Iranian". Ethnologue. 5 Ocak 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Aralık 2018. Total Iranian Persian users in all countries.
^ "Iran — The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. 3 Şubat 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mayıs 2013.
^ "Country Profile: Iran" (PDF). Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. May 2008. 27 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 30 Nisan 2019.
^ United States Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) (28 Nisan 2011). "The World Fact Book – Iran". CIA. 3 Şubat 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2011.
^ Library of Congress, Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. "Ethnic Groups and Languages of Iran". http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf 30 Ocak 2012 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
^ "CIA - The World Factbook - Iran". 6 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 31 Mart 2014.
^ http://www.aljazeera.com/me.asp?service_ID=12883^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}
^ "Persia". Douglas Harper. 18 Aralık 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2023.
^ Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2005), An Introduction to Old Persian (PDF), 2nd, Cambridge: Harvard, 2 Nisan 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF), erişim tarihi: 1 Mart 2024
^ Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2006), "Iran, vi. Iranian languages and scripts", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 13
^ "Bu sayfada Acem'in Osmanlıcada ne anlama geldiğini bulabilirsiniz". 20 Ağustos 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
^ Xavier de Planhol (24 Ocak 2012). "FĀRS i. Geography". Encyclopædia Iranica. IX. ss. ?-336. 18 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Mart 2024. The name of Fārs is undoubtedly attested in Assyrian sources since the third millennium B.C.E. under the form Parahše. Originally, it was the "land of horses" of the Sumerians (Herzfeld, pp. 181–82, 184–86). The name was adopted by Iranian tribes which established themselves there in the 9th century B.C.E. in the west and southwest of Urmia lake. The Parsua (Pārsa) are mentioned there for the first time in 843 B.C.E., during the reign of Salmanassar III, and then, after they migrated to the southeast (Boehmer, pp. 193–97), the name was transferred, between 690 and 640, to a region previously called Anšan (q.v.) in Elamite sources (Herzfeld, pp. 169–71, 178–79, 186). From that moment the name acquired the connotation of an ethnic region, the land of the Persians, and the Persians soon thereafter founded the vast Achaemenid empire. A never-ending confusion thus set in between a narrow, limited, geographical usage of the term—Persia in the sense of the land where the aforesaid Persian tribes had shaped the core of their power—and a broader, more general usage of the term to designate the much larger area affected by the political and cultural radiance of the Achaemenids. The confusion between the two senses of the word was continuous, fueled by the Greeks who used the name Persai to designate the entire empire.
^ ^a ^b Sacks, David; Murray, Oswyn; Brody, Lisa R. (2005). Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World. Facts On File. p. 256 (at the right portion of the page). ISBN 978-0-8160-5722-1.
^ Farr, Edward (1850). History of the Persians. Robert Carter. pp. 124–7.
^ Durant, Will (1950). Age of Faith. Simon and Schuster. p. 150. Repaying its debt, Sasanian art exported its forms and motives eastward into India, Turkestan, and China, westward into Syria, Asia Minor, Constantinople, the Balkans, Egypt, and Spain.
^ Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2011). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7.
^ Schmitt, R. "ACHAEMENID DYNASTY". Encyclopædia Iranica. I. ss. 414-426. 29 Nisan 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Mart 2024. In 550 B.C. Cyrus (called "the Great" by the Greeks) overthrew the Median empire under Astyages and brought the Persians into domination over the Iranian peoples; he achieved combined rule over all Iran as the first real monarch of the Achaemenid dynasty. Within a few years he founded a multinational empire without precedent—a first world-empire of historical importance, since it embraced all previous civilized states of the ancient Near East. (...) The Persian empire was a multinational state under the leadership of the Persians; among these peoples the Medes, Iranian sister nation of the Persians, held a special position.
^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 1 Temmuz 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 9 Temmuz 2012.
^ Arthur John Arberry, The Legacy of Persia, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953, 0-19-821905-9, p. 200.
^ Spooner, Brian (2012). "Dari, Farsi, and Tojiki". Schiffman, Harold (Ed.). Language policy and language conflict in Afghanistan and its neighbors: the changing politics of language choice. Leiden: Brill. s. 94.
^ Arberry, Arthur John (1953). The Legacy of Persia. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 200. ISBN 0-19-821905-9.

[1] "Persian, Iranian". Ethnologue. 5 Ocak 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Aralık 2018. Total Iranian Persian users in all countries.

[CIA_Geos-2] "Iran — The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. 3 Şubat 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mayıs 2013.

[Congress-3] "Country Profile: Iran" (PDF). Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. May 2008. 27 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 30 Nisan 2019.

[4] United States Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) (28 Nisan 2011). "The World Fact Book – Iran". CIA. 3 Şubat 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2011.

[5] Library of Congress, Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. "Ethnic Groups and Languages of Iran". http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf 30 Ocak 2012 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Retrieved 2009-12-02.

[6] "CIA - The World Factbook - Iran". 6 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 31 Mart 2014.

[7] ttp://www.aljazeera.com/me.asp?service_ID=12883^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}

[8] "Persia". Douglas Harper. 18 Aralık 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2023.

[9] Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2005), An Introduction to Old Persian (PDF), 2nd, Cambridge: Harvard, 2 Nisan 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF), erişim tarihi: 1 Mart 2024

[10] Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2006), "Iran, vi. Iranian languages and scripts", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 13

[11] "Bu sayfada Acem'in Osmanlıcada ne anlama geldiğini bulabilirsiniz". 20 Ağustos 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.

[Iranica:_Fars-12] Xavier de Planhol (24 Ocak 2012). "FĀRS i. Geography". Encyclopædia Iranica. IX. ss. ?-336. 18 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Mart 2024. The name of Fārs is undoubtedly attested in Assyrian sources since the third millennium B.C.E. under the form Parahše. Originally, it was the "land of horses" of the Sumerians (Herzfeld, pp. 181–82, 184–86). The name was adopted by Iranian tribes which established themselves there in the 9th century B.C.E. in the west and southwest of Urmia lake. The Parsua (Pārsa) are mentioned there for the first time in 843 B.C.E., during the reign of Salmanassar III, and then, after they migrated to the southeast (Boehmer, pp. 193–97), the name was transferred, between 690 and 640, to a region previously called Anšan (q.v.) in Elamite sources (Herzfeld, pp. 169–71, 178–79, 186). From that moment the name acquired the connotation of an ethnic region, the land of the Persians, and the Persians soon thereafter founded the vast Achaemenid empire. A never-ending confusion thus set in between a narrow, limited, geographical usage of the term—Persia in the sense of the land where the aforesaid Persian tribes had shaped the core of their power—and a broader, more general usage of the term to designate the much larger area affected by the political and cultural radiance of the Achaemenids. The confusion between the two senses of the word was continuous, fueled by the Greeks who used the name Persai to designate the entire empire.

[Sacks,_David_2005_p._256-13] Sacks, David; Murray, Oswyn; Brody, Lisa R. (2005). Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World. Facts On File. p. 256 (at the right portion of the page). ISBN 978-0-8160-5722-1.

[14] Farr, Edward (1850). History of the Persians. Robert Carter. pp. 124–7.

[15] Durant, Will (1950). Age of Faith. Simon and Schuster. p. 150. Repaying its debt, Sasanian art exported its forms and motives eastward into India, Turkestan, and China, westward into Syria, Asia Minor, Constantinople, the Balkans, Egypt, and Spain.

[16] Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2011). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7.

[17] Schmitt, R. "ACHAEMENID DYNASTY". Encyclopædia Iranica. I. ss. 414-426. 29 Nisan 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Mart 2024. In 550 B.C. Cyrus (called "the Great" by the Greeks) overthrew the Median empire under Astyages and brought the Persians into domination over the Iranian peoples; he achieved combined rule over all Iran as the first real monarch of the Achaemenid dynasty. Within a few years he founded a multinational empire without precedent—a first world-empire of historical importance, since it embraced all previous civilized states of the ancient Near East. (...) The Persian empire was a multinational state under the leadership of the Persians; among these peoples the Medes, Iranian sister nation of the Persians, held a special position.

[18] "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 1 Temmuz 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 9 Temmuz 2012.

[19] Arthur John Arberry, The Legacy of Persia, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953, 0-19-821905-9, p. 200.

[Spooner2012-20] Spooner, Brian (2012). "Dari, Farsi, and Tojiki". Schiffman, Harold (Ed.). Language policy and language conflict in Afghanistan and its neighbors: the changing politics of language choice. Leiden: Brill. s. 94.

[21] Arberry, Arthur John (1953). The Legacy of Persia. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 200. ISBN 0-19-821905-9.

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Önemli nüfusa sahip bölgeler


İran	60-78 milyon^[1] ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
Diller
Farsça
Din
Çoğunluk: İslam (Çoğunluk Şiilik,^[6]^[7] azınlık Sünnilik) Azınlık: Dinsizlik, Bahâîlik, Hristiyanlık, Yahudilik ve Zerdüştlük