Fashizm

Fashizm (italyan. fassismo — toʻda, birlashish) — totalitar tipdagi siyosiy diktaturaga asoslangan hokimiyatning siyosiy konsepsiyasi^[1]^[2]^[3]. Bunda faqat yuqoridan pastga qarab buyruq beriladi. Fashizm demokratiyaning qarama qarshisi hisoblanadi, u hokimiyatning boʻlinishiga yoʻl qoʻymaydi. Jahon tarixida Fashizmning bir necha koʻrinishlari uchragan. Jumladan, Italiyada totalitar rejim hokimiyati, Germaniyada natsistlar Fashizmi, Portugaliyada harbiy siyosiy Fashizm, Ispaniyada harbiy otryadlar, Ruminiyada legionlik fashizm

Fashizmning har qanday koʻrinishi demokratiya tartibotlari va qadriyatlarini hech qachon eʼtiborga olmaydi, bunday tizimda inson qadri, erkinligi, huquqlari poymol qilinadi. Hokimiyatning jamiyat hayotining barcha jihatlariga haddan tashqari aralashuvi natijasida hamma sohalarni qattiq nazoratga oluvchi totalitar siyosiy partiya shakllanadi va u davlatmonopol tashkilotiga aylanadi^[4]^[5]. Fashizm ana shunday tashkilotga va „dohiy“ning eʼtiroz bildirib boʻlmaydigan obroʻ eʼtiboriga tayanadi.

Fashistik rejim inson manfaati, inson omili bilan aslo hisoblashmaydigan yovuz rejim boʻlib, barcha xalklarni, shu jumladan, oʻz xalqini ham azobuqubatga qoʻyadi.Huquqiy totalitarizmni barpo etish; partiya yakka hukmronligini oʻrnatish, bunday sharoitda kuchayadigan korrupsiya va axloqiy buzilishlar; millatchilik va jangari shovinizm, safsatabozlik, despotiyani avj oldirish, fuqarolarni, butun aholini qoʻrquv ostida saqlash, inson ongi va tafakkurini boʻysunish ruhida tarbiyalash; xurfikrlik, erkinlikka intiluvchilarga nisbatan terror oʻtkazish fashizmni tavsiflovchi xususiyatlardir. Fashizm umummilliy boʻhronlar yoki keskin oʻzgarishlar sharoitida ijtimoiy nochor guruxlar orasida oʻziga tayanch topadi. Fashizmning koʻpgina belgilari turli ijtimoiy hamda oʻng va soʻl koʻrinishdagi milliy harakatlarga xosdir. Gʻoyaviy asosda qaramaqarshiliklar koʻrinib tursada („sinf“ yoki „millat“) jamiyatni siyosiy safarbar etish yoʻllari, terroristik hukmronlik usullari jihatidan totalitar qarakatlar va bolshevizm, stalinizm, „qizil xmerlar“ va boshqa rejimlar fashizmga yaqin turadi. Demokratik tartiblar boʻsh boʻlgan sharoitda fashistik tipdagi harakatlar rivojlanib, fashizmning jiddiy xavfga aylanish imkoniyati saqlanib qoladi.

↑ Turner (1975), s. 162: "... goals of radical and authoritarian nationalism".; Larsen, Hagtvet & Myklebust (1984), s. 424: "... organized form of integrative radical nationalist authoritarianism".; Paxton (2004), ss. 32, 45, 173: (32) "...antiliberal values, more aggressive nationalism and racism, and a new aesthetic of instinct and violence", (173) "...overtly violent racism and nationalism. [...] its defining elements—unlimited particular sovereignty, a relish for war, and a society based on violent exclusion"; Nolte (1965), s. 300: "National fascism, as we have shown, is distinguished from nationalism by, among other things, the fact it demands the destruction of a neighbouring state whose very existence appears to threaten its own position of power and the historic remains of its past dominant status in the area."
↑ Encyclopedia Britannica Fascism: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a Volksgemeinschaft (German: "people's community"), in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation"
↑ "fascism". fascism. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fascism. <!--->
↑ Encyclopedia Britannica Fascism: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a Volksgemeinschaft (German: "people's community"), in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation"
↑ "fascism". fascism. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fascism. <!--->

[1] Turner (1975), s. 162: "... goals of radical and authoritarian nationalism".; Larsen, Hagtvet & Myklebust (1984), s. 424: "... organized form of integrative radical nationalist authoritarianism".; Paxton (2004), ss. 32, 45, 173: (32) "...antiliberal values, more aggressive nationalism and racism, and a new aesthetic of instinct and violence", (173) "...overtly violent racism and nationalism. [...] its defining elements—unlimited particular sovereignty, a relish for war, and a society based on violent exclusion"; Nolte (1965), s. 300: "National fascism, as we have shown, is distinguished from nationalism by, among other things, the fact it demands the destruction of a neighbouring state whose very existence appears to threaten its own position of power and the historic remains of its past dominant status in the area."

[Britannica-2] Encyclopedia Britannica Fascism: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a Volksgemeinschaft (German: "people's community"), in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation"

[m-w-3] "fascism". fascism. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fascism. <!--->

[Britannica2-4] Encyclopedia Britannica Fascism: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a Volksgemeinschaft (German: "people's community"), in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation"

[m-w2-5] "fascism". fascism. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fascism. <!--->

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