Back جوكهانغ Arabic Templu de Jokhang AST ཇོ་ཁང་། Tibetan Temple de Jokhang Catalan Džókhang Czech Jokhang German Templo de Jokhang Spanish Jokhang tenplua Basque Jokhang Finnish Temple de Jokhang French
| Jokhang | |
|---|---|
 The Jokhang, with Barkhor Square in front | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Tibetan Buddhism |
| Sect | Gelug |
| Deity | Shakyamuni; home of the most-venerated statue in Tibet |
| Location | |
| Location | Barkhor, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region |
| Country | China |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Vihara, Tibetan, Nepalese |
| Founder | Songtsen Gampo |
| Date established | 7th century |
| Official name | Jokhang Temple Monastery |
| Part of | Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa |
| Criteria | Cultural: (i), (iv), (vi) |
| Reference | 707ter-002 |
| Inscription | 1994 (18th Session) |
| Extensions | 2000, 2001 |
| Area | 7.5 ha (810,000 sq ft) |
| Buffer zone | 130 ha (14,000,000 sq ft) |
| Coordinates | 29°39′11″N 91°2′51″E / 29.65306°N 91.04750°E |
  Location of Jokhang in Tibet  Jokhang (China) | |
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The Jokhang (Tibetan: ཇོ་ཁང།, Chinese: 大昭寺), or the Ra sa 'phrul snang gtsug lag khang,[1] or Qoikang Monastery, or Zuglagkang (Tibetan: གཙུག་ལག་ཁང༌།, Wylie: gtsug-lag-khang, ZYPY: Zuglagkang or Tsuklakang), is considered the "heart of Lhasa".[2] The Jokhang consists of a Tibetan Buddhist temple, its temple complex, and a Gelug school monastery. Located in Barkhor Square, it was built in c.640 by King Songsten Gampo to house the Jowo Mikyo Dorje,[3] a statue of Akshobhya Buddha, brought to Tibet by his Nepalese queen,[2] Bhrikuti. Another statue, the Jowo Shakyamuni, brought by his Tang Chinese queen Wencheng, is currently housed in the temple[2] and the Jowo Mikyo Dorje is housed in the Ramoche, in Lhasa.
Many Nepalese and Indian artists and craftsmen worked on the temple's original design and construction.[4] Around the 14th century, the temple was associated with the Vajrasana in India.[5] In the 18th century the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, following the Nepalese Gorkha invasion of Tibet in 1792, did not allow the Nepalese to visit this temple [citation needed] and it became an exclusive place of worship for the Tibetans. During the Chinese Cultural Revolution in Tibet, the Red Guards attacked the Jokhang temple in 1966 and for a decade there was no worship. During the Chinese development of Lhasa, the Barkhor Square in front of the temple was encroached.[6] Renovation of the Jokhang took place from 1972 to 1980. In 2000, the Jokhang became a UNESCO World Heritage Site as an extension of the Potala Palace, which has been a World Heritage Site since 1994.
- ^ Gyurme Dorje, Review of Jokhang: Tibet's Most Sacred Buddhist Temple, JIATS, #6, December 2011
- ^ a b c "Jokhang". MAPS, Places. University of Virginia.
- ^ Dr. Poonam Rana, "The Role of Bhrikuti (Bhelsa Tritsun) in the spread of Buddhism", Sirjana, p.108-114
- ^ 印度通史. 世界历史文化丛书 (in Chinese). 上海社会科学院出版社. 2012. p. 112. ISBN 978-7-5520-0013-9. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
- ^ 西藏密教史 (in Chinese). 中国社会科学出版社. 1998. p. 225. ISBN 978-7-5004-2344-7. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
- ^ 等贺新元 (2015). 和平解放以来民族政策西藏实践绩效研究 (in Chinese). Social Sciences Literature Press. p. 437. ISBN 978-7-5097-7163-1. Retrieved 2024-08-26.