Robonaut

A robonaut is a humanoid robot, part of a development project conducted by the Dexterous Robotics Laboratory at NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas. Robonaut differs from other current space-faring robots in that, while most current space robotic systems (such as robotic arms, cranes and exploration rovers) are designed to move large objects, Robonaut's tasks require more dexterity.

The core idea behind the Robonaut series is to have a humanoid machine work alongside astronauts. Its form factor and dexterity are designed such that Robonaut "is capable of performing all the tasks required of an EVA-suited crewmember."^[1]

NASA states, "Robonauts are essential to NASA's future as we go beyond low Earth orbit",^[2] and R2 will provide performance data about how a robot may work side-by-side with astronauts.^[3]

The latest Robonaut version, R2, was delivered to the International Space Station (ISS) by STS-133 in February 2011.^[2] The first US-built robot on the ISS, R2 is a robotic torso designed to assist with crew EVAs and can hold tools used by the crew.^[3] However, Robonaut 2 does not have adequate protection needed to exist outside the space station and enhancements and modifications would be required to allow it to move around the station's interior.^[3]

As of 2018^[update] NASA planned to return R2 for repairs and then relaunch.^{[needs update]}